DE. J. MUEIE ON THE FOEM AND STEUCTUEE OF THE MANATEE. 173 



tions they stretch from the temporal part of the malar arch downwards to the digastric 

 muscles and the stylo-hyoid cartilages. A portion of each gland also wraps round the 

 stylo-hyal rod, and dips into the hollow continuous with the foramen lacerum posterius. 

 The internal maxillary artery dips beneath them and forms a vascular network, partly 

 enveloping their deep and superficial surfaces ; while behind is the cervical rete mirabile. 

 The naiTow tendinous cord of the sterno-mastoid pierces and goes quite through the 

 posterior half of each gland. Superficially the neck and cheek portions of the fleshy 

 panniculus cover and completely hide the parotids as well as their Stenonian ducts. 



The submaxillary gland is also flattened, and of no mean size. It has a horseshoe- 

 shape, the anterior convexity of which is lodged in the postsymphysial angle, whilst 

 the posterior ccmcavity reaches the transverse bar of the hyoidean arch, and partly 

 covers the thyro-hyoid muscles. But the body of the gland chiefly lies upon the mylo- 

 hyoidei, the two limbs of the crescent filling the deep hollows of the mandible in front 

 of the angles. At this latter point, however, a portion of its substance is in close apposi- 

 tion with the anterior twigs of the inframandibular plexus of vessels, with the facial 

 artery, and with the subjacent pterygoidei. 



I regard as representatives of sublingual glands a series of partially separate, small, 

 lenticular bodies, which lie near and backwards from the fraenum linguae ; but I did not 

 detect their excretory duct. My observations support Rapp's account of the tonsils, 

 viz. flat elliptical laminae, their numerous oriflces having a sieve-like aspect. The 

 velum pendulum palati is a broad membranous fold without appreciable uvular 

 thickening of muscular fibres. 



The pale-coloured firm pancreas has the usual situation, within the duodenal loop. 

 Its duct opens into the intestine close to the pylorus. 



The liver of the larger specimen had been hacked in pieces, so that nothing but its 

 weight, 3f lbs., and apparent long diameter, fully 8 inches, could be made out satis- 

 factorily. In the younger male this gland was more intact. Its relative position towards 

 the neighbouring organs has already been mentioned. Vrolik's description of the 

 Manatee's liver corresponds more with what I have found than does Daubenton's: 

 the latter having but examined a foetus may account for this. In situ, but still more 

 so when removed, the entire liver has great resemblance in shape to the inflated lungs 

 of an ordinary mammal. Thus the posterior broad surface of the main right and left 

 lobes forms a deep arched hollow, enclosing the stomach and duodenum, and which may 

 be compared to the dome-shaped concavity of the lungs as they rest on the diaphragm. 

 The anterior partially segmented lobules and the gall-bladder simulate the upper 

 pulmonary lobes overlapping the base of the heart. What I gather from Steller's and 

 Owen's words concerning the mainly trifid hepatic organs of Rhytina and Halicore 

 leads me to infer that this gland in Manatus differs little, if at all, from them. In the 

 latter the two large somewhat triangular and much separate right and left lobes possess 

 few emarginations. There is a short, shallow notch on the middle of the ventral 



