127 
of streams; called attention to the opportunities which 
these methods offered for the acclimatation and dissemi- 
nation of species, and in a word traced out at that time a 
programme of fishcultural industry. As may be imag- 
ined, this memoir by M. de Quatrefages created the 
greatest interest. It was followed by the enthusiastic 
labors of M. Coste. The fishcultural establishment at 
Huningue was founded in 1852. 
The author discusses the difficulty which the early 
fishculturalists were obliged to overcome, and touches 
especially on the importance of fishways. Facts and sta- 
tistics with regard to fishculture in France, England, 
United States and Sweden are given, as well as estimates 
of the money value of fishculture in certain streams, 
especially as to the cultivation of the shad in American 
waters running into the Atlantic. He describes the fish- 
cars used in the United States and gives many other 
details familiar to most of us. The author closes by 
urging that France, which initiated the science of fish- 
culture, should not stand still and allow herself to be out- 
stripped by other nations. 
FISHWAYS. 
By W, H. RoceErs. 
Among the many causes for the decrease of fish in the 
rivers, as well as along the coasts of this and other coun- 
tries, the impassable milldam unquestionably occupies 
first place. A river, as to its production of fish. may be 
compared to a fruit tree, the larger the tree and the more 
numerous the branches (other things being equal), the 
greater the quantity of fruit it will produce; but to gir- 
dle it anywhere on its lower part, will effectually destroy 
its producing capabilities. An impassable dam thrown 
across the lower portion of a river, has precisely the same 
effect. as to the production of fish, and most effectually 
