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logging and the railroad building that are destroying the 
spawning grounds of the tributaries of the Sacramento. 
It is not in the power of law enactments to save the sal- 
mon from all their dangers. 
Artificial breeding can do a great deal, and has done a 
great deal, but it cannot be relied upon for a certainty. 
In the first place it is very uncertain where one can find 
a suitable place for hatching salmon. ‘The writer traveled 
over four thousand miles up and down the Columbia 
and its tributaries, from the Continental divide to the 
Pacific coast looking for a good place for salmon hatch- 
ing, first in 1877 for the Oregon and Washington cannery- 
men, and afterwards in 1883 for the U. S. Fish Commis- 
sion, and found only two places in that great stretch of 
country which were suitable, one on the Clackamas 
River where the writer built a hatching station, and the 
other on the Little Spokane a few miles from Spokane 
Falls, which is still unoccupied. 
There is in all the great State of California but one 
stream suitable for salmon hatching on a large scale, and 
on this stream, strange as it seems, there is but one spot 
that meets all the requirements of the case, and that is 
the place that the writer selected and built upon, on the 
McCloud River in 1872, and named Baird, in honor of 
the distinguished Commissioner, under whose direction 
the work was done. 
Allow me to add by way of conformation that subse- 
quently the State Fish Commission of California, after 
hunting all over the State for another place for hatching 
salmon, have given it up and now get their supply of 
salmon eggs from the Government station at Baird. 
The above instances illustrate the difficulty of finding 
suitable places for hatching salmon on a large scale, and 
not only is it not easy to find such places, but they can- 
not be relied upon to a certainty when they are found, 
for they are always in danger from logging, mining, 
railroad building, lumber manufacturing and _ other 
