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causes which yearly become more imminent and danger- 
ous as the country gets settled up and the population in- 
creases, and which threaten at any time to destroy their 
efficiency. 
We must come to the conclusion then that even with 
the help and support of protective laws and _ artificial 
breeding, our salmon, like the buffalo of thirty years ago, 
are not safe. The destroying agencies of advancing civ- 
ilization drove the buffalo to the last ditch, so to speak, 
and then the last survivors, or almost the last, were 
slain. They were obliged from sheer necessity to come 
to feed. where from all directions the hand of man was 
raised against them. Whether they turned to the north 
or to the south, to the east or to the west, they went to 
their certain death, and in an incredibly short space of 
_time they practically disappeared. 
The story of our salmon is analogous. They are obliged 
to come inland to breed. They are compelled from sheer 
necessity to come up the rivers into the very midst of 
their human enemies. They cannot stay in the ocean 
like other fishes of the sea, where they are safe from the 
hand of man, but they must necessarily come, one might 
say, into his very grasp, and, like the buffalo, whether 
they turn to the north, south, east or west, they go into 
the very jaws of death; for what hope is there for a sal- 
mon to escape after he has entered a river, if man chooses 
to employ his most effective agencies for his capture? 
There is none. The salmon is doomed. There is no alter 
of refuge for the salmon in this country any more than 
there was for the buffalo. 
Ought not something be done, then? Ought this state 
of things to continue? The salmon of the United States 
are one of our most valuable posessions. As a matter of 
ordinary prudence, ought not the country to have some 
place, if it is possible, where the salmon can come and go 
in safety? If a stock raiser saw that his cattle were daily 
diminishing because they had no spot where they were 
