106 
Most of the European fish hatcheries are private estab- 
lishments, and only 82 out of 416 are controlled by their 
respective Governments, viz., 14 in Switzerland, 1 in Ger- 
many, 5 in France, 2 in ee 58 in N orway; 1 in Great 
Britain and 1 in Russia, 
The totals of fish hatched in North America (1,616,027, - 
192) as compared with Europe (277,973,016) show that only 
about 14 per cent. are produced in Europe; among Kuro- 
pean countries, only Norway, thanks to the active part 
taken by its Government, can be considered as a serious 
competitor of the countries of the new world. Theaverage 
production of one fish hatchery is 668 thousands in Europe 
and 13.4 millions in North America. Such a striking 
difference of the new world depends principally upon the 
difference in the character of the hatcheries of both conti- 
nents. As before mentioned, the European fish hatcheries 
being private establishments, do not pursue the task of 
restocking public streams, but only the streams belonging 
to the proprietors, and very often they produce fry for, sale 
to other proprietors of fish ponds, ete. Another circum- 
stance to be mentioned in connection with the small size 
of European establishments is that no hatcheries—or very 
few—exist here for hatching of Clupeida, Percide and 
salt water fish; the hatching of these kinds of fish, to be 
successful, ought to be carried on on a large scale. The 
last and the most important question is the financial one. 
While the Government of the United States, of different 
States, of the Dominion of Canada, grant very considerable 
amounts of money for fishculture, and take direct interest 
in this work, in Europe, with the exception of Norway, 
Germany and Switzerland, the respective Governments do 
not pay much attention to it. 
The Government of the United States has a very import- 
ant bureau, Known as the United States Fish Commission, 
with annual appropriations of $298,000, viz. : $150,000 for 
propagation of fish, $50,000 for distribution, $53,000 for 
