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maintaining vessels, $5,000 compensation of Commissioner, 
and $20,000 for scientific investigations and statistical 
work. Besides this regular budget, the United States Fish 
Commission receives for extraordinary expenses, as, for 
instance, the construction of new hatcheries, new vessels, 
fish cars, etc., a considerable amount of money. 
The Governments of separate States compete in useful- 
ness of this work with the Federal Government, making 
large appropriations for building hatcheries and distrib- 
uting fish. I must particularly mention the State of New 
York, with a yearly appropriation of $34,000, the State of 
Michigan, with an appropriation of $22,500, and the State 
of Pennsylvania, with a grant of $15,000. The total 
amount of money granted for fishcultural work by all the 
States is equal to $169,040 (1891).* The present appropri- 
ations are likely to be increased, because in very many 
reports I have examined, the Fish Commissioners were ask- 
ing for a larger amount of money. 
The Government of the Dominion of Canada has been 
for a long time actively engaged in the propagation of fish. 
The expenditure for this work was in 1891 $374,202, which 
includes $39,496 for fish breeding and $83,050 for fish pro- 
pagation. 
The Newfoundland Government works also quite suc- 
cessfully with an appropriation of $17,300, that is, $6,100 
for fishculture and the remainder for fish propagation and 
fishery administration. 
In Europe, Germany expends the largest amount of 
money for fishculture work, say $21,815, which includes 
$12,500 of subsidy to the Deutsche Fischerei Verein, the 
leading association of its kind in Europe, and $9,315 for 
the Government fish hatchery in Htiningen. Many private 
hatcheries exist in that country, thanks to the orders for 
hatched fry given by the above association, which has no 

* General expenses of same States for fish protection and carp culture are not included in 
this total. 
