64 
cessfully in ponds on natural food. At the meeting of 
this society in 1892 [see report, page 64], Mr. N. K. 
Fairbank of Illinois, described his method of growing 
trout in an artificial pond fed with spring water, wholly 
on the food produced therein, without any care further 
than to put into the pond quantities of a weed on which 
he had found a good many shrimps, put in the fry and 
let them alone. In this way he estimates that fifty per . 
cent. of the fry live to be yearlings. This he has done 
year after year. 
In a paper read at the meeting in 1892 Mr. Page 
gave several instances of parties growing trout success- 
fully on live food. One of the parties referred to was 
Mr. Thomas Andrews of Guilford, England, who rears 
trout on a very large scale in ponds supplied with spring 
water, of a temperature ranging from 49 in winter to 
56 in summer, making very considerable use of live 
food, especially shrimps (Gammarus) and _ snails 
(Lzmnaea) which are grown in separate ponds and 
transferred to the fish-ponds to be eaten, and in some. 
cases allowing trout to forage for themselves, without 
any artificial help, but depending mainly on chopped 
horse-flesh. From some more recent writings of Mr. 
Andrews and some other sources, I learn that he has 
made no attempt to imitate the methods of the conti- 
nental pond-culturists, has little faith in their theories, 
and considers Gammarus and Lzmnaea superior to 
Daphnia and other entomostraca as food for trout. In 
some of the water-leads between his ponds, he is able 
to take at one time, with little trouble, “many solid 
gallons” of small animals, mainly Gammarus and 
Limnaea, yet this abundance of life appears to be an 
accident of the conditions existing and nota part of the 
scheme of management. 
It is well known that carp are most advantageously 
bred in shallow ponds in which the water becomes very 
warm under the influence of the sun, and the difficulty 
