578 TUSAYAN MIGRATION TRADITIONS [ETH ANN. 19 
before the student of the history of any one of the Hopi pueblos 
includes the origin and course of migration of the different groups 
of clans whose descendants now form the population of those villages. 
In preparing this paper the author has brought together such frag- 
ments of Hopi legendary history as could be gathered at Walpi. This 
account is not intended asa record of tribal genesis or creation myths, 
nor does it attempt a history from documentary sources of the deal- 
ings of the Spaniards or the Americans with the past or present inhab- 
itants of this pueblo. It lays no stress on the discovery of Walpi by 
Europeans or the several attempts at mission work, but considers 
Hopi stories of the advent of different clans, the direction whence 
they came and the sequence of their coming, where they formerly 
lived, and the customs which they brought to the pueblo where their 
descendants now live. In other words, it is an attempt to examine 
the composition of the present population of Walpi by clans, and to 
trace the trails of migration of those clans before they reached the 
village. It is published as an aid to the archeologist who may need 
traditions to guide him in the identification of the ruins of northern 
Arizona,’ and it is hoped that a discussion of the subject will bring 
into clear relief the composite origin of Hopi ritual, language, and 
secular customs. 
It is impossible to interpret the Hopi ritual without a clear idea of 
the present relationship between the existing clans and of their connec- 
tion with the religious societies. The growth of the Hopi ritual has 
gone on pari passu with the successive addition of new clans to the 
pueblo, and its evolution can not be comprehended without an under- 
standing of the sociologic development and the clan organization of 
the pueblo. This applies also to the Hopi language and to secular 
customs which, like the ritual, are composite, and have resulted from 
the union of families of somewhat different stages of culture, each 
speaking a characteristic language. What the idiom of each of these 
several component clans was before their consolidation we can best 
judge if we know the sites of their ancestral homes and the speech of 
the early kindred from whom they separated when they migrated to 
the Hopi mesas. So also with their other customs and their arts, all 
of which are composite and were introduced some from one direction, 
others from another. 
The legends which have served as the groundwork of this account 
of the history of Walpi were gathered mainly from the clans now 
living in the East mesa pueblos. Some of these legends have never 
been collected, although considerable work of great value which was 
done in this field by that enthusiastic student, the late A. M. Stephen, 


1 The main types of pueblo ruins have been described, and what is now necessary is a study of the 
manners and customs of the people who once inhabited them. This work implies an intimate 
knowledge of the ethnology of the suryivors, and a determination of the survivors’ identity may be 
had from migration legends of clans now living in the pueblos. 
