FEWKES] ACCURACY OF TRADITIONS 579 
was published in Mindeleff’s account of the architecture of Tusayan.' 
This material has been critically examined, and certain significant 
variations have been found which are embodied in the present article. 
There remains much material on the migrations of Hopi clans yet 
to be gathered, and the identification by archeologic methods of many 
sites of ancient habitations is yet to be made. This work, however, 
can best be done under guidance of the Indians by an ethno-drcheolo- 
gist, who can bring as a preparation for his work an intimate knowl- 
edge of the present life of the Hopi villagers. 
While engaged in collecting the migration legends of different Hopi 
clans the author has consulted, when possible, the clan chiefs. Wiki, 
Wikyatiwa, and Kopeli have furnished the migration legends of the 
Snake clans, Anawita those of the Rain-cloud, and Hani the Tobacco 
legends. Piitce has given the author the story of the Horn and Flute 
and Pautiwa that of the Eagle clans. The legends of the neighboring 
pueblo of Hano, the history of which is intimately connected with 
that of Walpi, were obtained from Kalakwai and others. As was to 
be expected, since human memory is fallible, different men of equal 
honesty vary considerably in their accounts, and hence the collector 
of the unrecorded history of Walpi soon recognizes that it is best 
not to give too much weight to stories of clans to which the inform- 
ant does not belong. An honest traditionist immediately declares his 
ignorance of the history of a clan not his own, and in the presence 
of a man of that clan wiil refer to him when questioned. Some of 
the older men take a pride in the history of their respective clans, and 
claim to know more than others; but many know or care little of the 
history of their clans, and when interrogated refer to their clan chief. 
Yo this class belong most of the young men, especially those who have 
attended school, where little encouragement is given to pupils to gain 
knowledge of the history of their ancestors. 
THE HOPI PUEBLOS 
The present Hopi pueblos are seven in number, and are situated on 
three table-lands, called East mesa, Middle mesa, and Oraibi. The 
inhabitants of six of these villages speak the Hopi language and of one 
the Tanoan. The East mesa has two Hopi pueblos—Walpi and Sichu- 
movi—and a Tewa village called Hano. About 7 miles in an air line 
from the Kast mesa is the Middle mesa, upon which are situated three 
towns, called Mishongnovi, Shipaulovi, and Shunopovi. The largest 
Hopi pueblo, called Oraibi, is situated about 20 miles westward from 
Walpi. 
Walpi is regarded as the most ancient Tusayan pueblo, its settle- 
ment dating from before the middle of the sixteenth century. The 



1Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. 
