580 TUSAYAN MIGRATION TRADITIONS (ETH, ANN. 1y 
neighboring pueblo, Sichumovi, was settled by foreign colonists about 
the middle of the eighteenth century, while Hano was founded by 
Tewa clans at the beginning of the same century. 
Two of the Middle mesa pueblos are mentioned by name in docu- 
ments of the seventeenth century, and one, Shipauloyi, was probably 
founded not far from 1750. 
Oraibi is known to be an old pueblo, being also mentioned by name 
in early Spanish records; but it is more modern than Shunopovi, hay- 
ing been founded by a chief named Matcito from the latter town.* 
The Hopi language as spoken in Oraibi is somewhat different in pro- 
nunciation from that of the other Hopi pueblos, but this difference is 
not more than dialectic, so that the six Hopi pueblos may be said to 
speak the same tongue. The people of Hano, however, speak a 
Tanoan dialect which the Hopi do not understand. 
Sires oF Otp WaALpPr 
The first site of Walpi on the East mesa which has been positively 
identified was on the northern side of the terrace which surrounds this 
rocky height, below the present town. ‘The ground plan of this settle- 
ment is still clearly indicated by the remains of old walls, the size and 
arrangement of the rooms being still traceable without difficulty. This 
was probably the position of the pueblo in the sixteenth century, when 
its population was limited to the Snake, Horn, and Flute clans, and 
when the Spaniards first came into the country. It was also the site 
of the pueblo during the troubles with the inhabitants of the neighbor- 
ing pueblo Sikyatki, which culminated in the destruction of the latter 
town. 
The Walpians found this situation exposed to the attacks of their 
enemies, and consequently moved their pueblo one stage higher, to the 
top of the projecting spur at the western end of the mesa. On this 
site the Walpians lived through the mission epoch (1628-1680), and a 
chapel, the outlines of which may still be traced, was erected there. 
This second site of the pueblo is called Kisakobi, and the Spanish 
mission house Niicaki. As the walls of the first and second settle- 
ments almost adjoin, it may have been that portions of the two were 
inhabited synchronously. 
The amount of débris around these former settlements indicates that 
both were inhabited for a considerable period, and evidently the size 
of the combined villages was not less than that of the present pueblo 
of Walpi. In this débris are found fragments of the finest old Tusayan 
ware, which bears pictography characteristic of the ancient epoch. 
The inroads of the Ute from the north and the Apache from the 
south hastened the abandonment of the early sites, but probably the 
main cause of the final move to the top of East mesa was a fear of 
1Matcito is said to have lived for some time in a cave near Oraibi, at a rock still pointed out. 
