598 TUSAYAN MIGRATION TRADITIONS [ETH. ANN.19 
Date of the removal of clans from Homotobi 
Historical documents of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 
point to the existence at that time of inhabited pueblos in the region 
west of Zuni and south of the present Hopi towns. We find constant 
references to the ‘‘Cipias” as living west of Zuni in the seventeenth 
century, but the name drops out of history in the century following.* 
Where did they go? Probably to Pakatcomo. In 1604 Juan de Onate, 
in search of the South sea (the Pacific), marched westward from Zuni 
to ** Mohoce” 12 or 14 leagues, where he crossed a river. This Mohoce 
is generally said to be modern Tusayan, which, unfortunately for the 
identification, is not west but northwest of Zuni, is three times the dis- 
tance mentioned, and is not on a river. Moreover, to visit the South 
sea, Onate had no reason to go to the northern or modern Hopi pueblos. 
He had been there in 1598, and had gone from them to the mines 
north of Prescott and returned to Zuni by a ‘‘shorter” route. Why 
should we suppose that he went out of his way from a direct route to 
the South sea on a subsequent journey? The line of march of Onate 
in 1604 was stated to be from Zuni west to Mohoce, which name is not 
restricted by the author to the present Hopi pueblos. The pueblos 
along the Little Colorado were in Mohoce, for, as we shall see, the 
Gilenos told Fray Francisco Garces in 1775 that ** la nacion Moquis” 
formerly extended to Rio Gila. 
In 1632 the Little Colorado settlements were still occupied, but by 
the middle of the seventeenth century the Apache had raided the ter- 
ritory between the settlements of sedentary Sobaipuri tribe of the 
San Pedro and those of the Hopi along the Little Colorado, preventing 
the trade between the tribes which had been common in the sixteenth 
century. In 1674 the hostiles had destroyed a Zuni pueblo, and there 
is every reason to believe had forced the clans in the Little Colorado 
valley northward to modern Tusayan. It is therefore highly probable 
that the pueblos in the neighborhood of Winslow were deserted in 
the latter half of the seventeenth century. 
The ** Kingdom of Totonteac,” which is mentioned in documentary 
accounts written in the sixteenth century, is now generally regarded 
as the same as Tusayan, but neither name was restricted to the pres- 
ent Moqui reservation in early times. There is every reason to sup- 
pose that when Coronado marched through New Mexico in quest of 
Cibola, the pueblos along the Little Colorado south of Walpi were 
inhabited, and that there were other inhabited pueblos, now in ruins, 
south of these. Totonteac may have been the name of one of these 
clusters” possibly as far south as Verde valley or Tonto basin; but 
1In talking over traditions with Sufioitiwa, a member of the Asa clan, the author found that he 
placed the home of the Cipias or Zipias south of Laguna and east of Zuili. Whether these were 
related to the Cipias west of Zufli was not known to him. 
*Tusayan extended far south of Walpi in the sixteenth century. According to Castafeda it was 
25 leagues from Cibola, which distance he later reduces in his account to 20 leagues. Espejo says 
that Zuni is another name for Cibola. Now, 20 leagues from Zufi,in the direction indicated, would 
not bring one to Walpi in northern Tusayan, but to some other Tusayan pueblos, possibly Homolobi. 
