FEWKESI KATCINA CULTS 631 
To look for the origin of the katcinas as a whole in any one family 
or clan would be fruitless. We must seek the independent origin of 
each. But there is one source to which we can turn for the two great 
katcina celebrations—the Powamti and Niman—and that is the Kat- 
cina (Anwuci, Crow) clans. 
Happily, however, we can find that the general direction whence all 
the important katcinas came was the east—the New Mexican pueblos — 
where the same ceremonies still survive in modified form. 

TCUKUWIMPKIYAS 
An order of priests called the Tateuktt, or Mudheads—men wear- 
ing cloth masks with large knobs on their tops and sides 
to Tusayan from the New Mexican pueblos. They do not belong to 
the ancient Hopi ritual, but came with those clans who brought the 
katcinas, with whom they appear in modern ceremonies. This order 
is very ancient in the pueblos from which it came, as are likewise the 
katcinas, but they do not belong to the cults of the clans from 
Tokonabi or Palatkwabi. 

was brought 
SUMAIKOLIS 
The Sumaikoli priests and cult are closely connected with the katci- 
nas, and are supposed to have been introduced into Tusayan from New 
Mexico. 
THE EAST MESA RITUALS 
Walpi is the only pueblo on the East mesa where a true Hopi ritual 
is celebrated, but it has become more protoundly affected by intrusive 
clans of other stocks than that of any other Hopi pueblo. This modi- 
fication, due to the vicinity of Sichumoyi and Hano, is particularly 
marked in the great katcina observance called Powamn, which differs 
greatly from the Oraibi performance of that name. The clans which 
have been of greatest importance in bringing about this modification 
are the Asa‘ and the Hano clans, none of which exist at Oraibi. 
The Walpi Ritual 
UNTENA soo Sas oouSeESeaGee Pa (Winter Snake or Flute). 
Mucaiasti. 
Winter Tawa-paholawt. 
NE SABENAY GnebocosSanSona[e Powamu. 
Winter Lakone-paholawnt. 
Manchimse=seeeissasseaiceee Unkwanti or Palilukonti. 
Sumaikoli. 
Winter Marau-paholawt. 


1The author ascribes the introduction of the Natacka at the Powamti ceremony of Walpi to the 
Tcakwaina or Asa clan. 
