FEWKEs] CONCLUSIONS 6338 
In this ritual of Hano, which is a fragmentary survival of that at 
Teewadi, the Rio Grande home of the Hano clans, the Tawa-paholawi, 
Sumaikoli, and Tantai are in a way characteristic and are essentially 
different from those of a Hopi pueblo. The Hano celebrations in the 
January and February moons take the form of personations of katci- 
nas, who visit the Walpi and Sichumovi kivas as well as their own. 
No katcina altar has yet been seen in this village, and there is no 
presentation of the Powamfi, Niman-katcina, Snake or Flute, Lalak- 
onti, Mamzrauti, Wiiwiitcimti, or Momtcita in this Tewa pueblo. To 
the great katcina celebrations of Powamti the Hano send katcina per- 
sonators, and there are certain simple rites connected with the Powamt 
in some of their houses and kivas, as that of Ahole elsewhere! described, 
but these are fragmentary. Both Hano and Sichumoyi contribute 
katcina personators, who visit the Walpi kivas, and this renders the 
Powaimti in that village different? from that in other Hopi pueblos. 
CONCLUSIONS 
The following conclusions are reached in the preceding studies: 
1. The pueblo of Hano is Tanoan in language and culture; it was 
transplanted from the upper Rio Grande valley to the East mesa of 
Tusayan. Its religion is intrusive, and its ritual resembles that of 
Walpi only in those features which have been brought by kindred 
clans from the same region. 
2. The religious ceremonies of Sichumovi are also intrusive from 
the east, because the majority of its people are descended from colonists 
from the same region as those who settled Hano. The Hopi language is 
spoken at Sichumovi, but the ritual is purely Tanoan. The rituals of 
Sichumovi and Hano are allied to those of certain New Mexican pueblos. 
3. The pioneer settlers of Walpi were Snake and Bear clans. the 
former predominating, and the first increase was due to an addition of 
Horn clans which once lived at the now ruined pueblo of Tokonabi, the 
place from which the Snake clans also came. These Horn people were 
mixed with Flute clans from the Little Colorado. The majority of the 
clans and the most distinctive ceremonies in the Walpi ritual came 
from southern Arizona, and the many resemblances in the Hopi ritual 
to that of the eastern pueblos is due to eastern colonists who sought 
refuge in Walpi. 
4. The conclusion that the present Hopi are descended wholly from 
nomadic people from the north is questioned, except within the limi- 
tations mentioned. Some parts of the ritual which are distinetly Hopi 
are found not to have come from the north, but from the south, 

1Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 
?The existence of Natacka at the Walpi Powamn is due probably to Sichumoyi or Hano clans, possi- 
bly to the Asa ef the former pueblo. 
19 nrH, PT 2—O1 

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