MINDELEFF] INDIVIDUAL MIGRATIONS 647 
clans are said to ** belong together.” In the olden days each phratry 
occupied its own quarters in the village, its own cluster or row, as the 
case might be, and while the custom is now much broken down, just how 
far it has ceased to exercise its influence is yet to be determined. 
In the pueblo social system descent and inheritance are in the female 
line. This custom is widely distributed among the tribes of mankind 
all over the world and has an obvious basis. Among the Pueblos it 
works in a peculiar manner. Under the old rule, when a man marries, 
not having any house of his own, he goes to his wife’s home and is 
adopted into her clan. The children also belong to the mother and are 
members of her clan. -In many of the villages at the present day a 
man may marry any woman who will marry him, but in former times 
marriage within the clan, and sometimes within the phratry, was rig- 
idly prohibited. Thus it happened that a clan in which there were 
many girls would grow and increase in importance, while one in which 
the children were all boys would become extinct. 
There was thus a constant ebb and flow of population within each 
clan and consequently in the home or houses of each clan. The clans 
themselves were not fixed units; new ones were born and old ones died, 
as children of one sex or the other predominated. The creation of 
clans was a continuous process. Thus, in the Corn clan of Tusayan, 
under favorable conditions there grew up subclans claiming connection 
with the root, stem, leaves, blossom, pollen, ete. In time the relations 
of clans and subclans became extremely complex; hence the aggrega- 
tion into larger units or phratries. The clan isa great artificial family, 
and when it comprises many girls it must necessarily grow. Such is 
also the case with the individual family, for as the men who are adopted 
into it by marriage take up their quarters in the family home and 
children are born to them more space is required. But additional 
rooms, which are still the family property, must be built in the family 
quarter, and by a long-established rule they must be built adjoining 
and connected with those already occupied. Therefore in each village 
there are constant changes in the plan; new rooms are added here, old 
rooms abandoned there. It is in miniature a duplication of the pro- 
cess previously sketched as due to the use of outlying shelters. It is 
not unusual to find in an inhabited village a number of rooms under 
construction, while within a few steps or perhaps in the same row there 
are rooms vacant and going to decay. Many visitors to Tusayan, 
noticing such vacant and abandoned rooms, have stated that the popu- 
lation was diminishing, but the inference was not sound. 
On the other hand, the addition of rooms does not necessarily mean 
growth in population. New rooms might be added year after year 
when the population was actually diminishing; such has been the case 
in a number of the villages. But the way in which rooms are added 
may suggest something of the conditions of life at the time of building. 
