652 LOCALIZATION OF TUSAYAN CLANS (ETH. ANN. 19 
determine the relationships of nearly 400 families, and the work was 
brought to an end before it was entirely finished. But the maps 
illustrate a phase of life of the village builders which has not hereto- 
fore attracted attention, and which has had a very important effect on 
the architecture of the people. 
Through the operation of the old custom of localizing clans, although 
it is now not rigidly adhered to as formerly, the plans of all the villages 
have been modified. The maps here presented show them as they were 
in 1883, but ina few cases known to the writer the changes up to 1888 
are shown by dotted lines. If now or in the future new surveys of 
the villages be made and the clans be relocated, a mass of data will be 
obtained which will throw much light on some of the conditions of 
pueblo life, and especially on the social conditions which have exercised 
an important influence on pueblo architecture. 
The table showing the distribution of families in the villages presents 
also the number of families. The most numerous were the Water 
people, comprising in various clans no fewer than 121 families, or over 
a third of the total number. These were among the last people to 
arrive in Tusayan and they are well distributed throughout the yil- 
lages. It will be noticed, also, that while a scattering of clans through- 
out the villages was the rule, some of them, generally the older ones, 
were confined to one village or were concentrated in one village with 
perhaps one or two families in others. The Snow people were found 
only in Walpi, but these may be properly Water people and of recent 
origin. The Snake people were represented by 5 families in Walpi and 
1 in Oraibi, although they were among the first to arrive in Tusayan, 
and for a long time exercised proprietary rights over the entire region 
and dictated to each incoming clan where it should locate. The largest 
clan of all, the Reed clan, was represented by 6 families in Walpi and 
25 in Oraibi, a total of 31 families, or, by applying the general average 
of persons to a family, by 155 persons. In Oraibi, the largest vil- 
lage, there were 21 distinct clans, although 7 of them were represented 
by only 1 family each. In Shipaulovi, the smallest village, there were 
20 families of 2 clans, and three-fourths of the inhabitants belonged 
to one of them. In addition there is one family of the Water people, 
and in fact in each of the villages one or more clans is represented by 
one family only. It will be noticed that in Shipaulovi the two clans 
were still well separated and occupied distinct quarters, although the 
houses of the village were continuous. 
The scattered appearance of the clans on the maps is more apparent 
than real. It is unfortunate that the phratral relations of the clans 
could not be completely determined, and it is probable that were this 
done the clans would be found to be well grouped even now. Even 
the insufficient data that we have appear to show a tendency on the 
part of the clans to form into groups at the present day, notwithstand- 
