GANN] MOUND 23—UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS 691 
circular space very near the seashore. Their concavities all face toward 
the space which they inclose; their conyexities face outward, and they 
were obviously constructedfor defensive purposes. Occasionally these 
mounds are almost circular, the narrow pointed end being produced 
onward till it passes the broad end, leaving a space 2 or 3 yards across 
between them as an exit or entrance. 
These mounds vary in length along the curve from 30 to 100 yards, 
and in height from 2 to15 feet. Ihave opened several of them in various 
places, but never found anything in them, which fact strengthens the 
presumption in favor of their being used solely for defensive pur- 
poses. Some of those at Sateneja contained a large number of conch 
shells; but these shellfish are very plentiful along the coast, and when 
the fish had been extracted the accumulated shells were probably used, 
merely in place of stones, to build up the mound. 
Mound 23 on the plan, situated 217 yards southwest of the large 
central mound, resembles the latter very closely. It consists of two 
portions—a large mound, and to the south of this a circular space 
inclosed by earthen walls, through which is an opening to the south. 
This mound is 25 feet in height, conical in shape, circular at the base, 
and slightly over 400 feet in circumference. The walls of the earth- 
work are continued into it on its south side. Unlike the large central 
mound, it is loosely built of earth and stone. The walls of the circular 
earthwork where they join the mound are 12 feet high, but as they 
approach the opening they become gradually lower. The circular space 
included within the walls is 80 yards in diameter. 
UNDERGROUND ROCK-HEWN RESERVOIRS 
Scattered about irregularly among these mounds and in the adja- 
cent bush are a number of circular openings in the ground, leading to 
small oval chambers hollowed out in the limestone rock. Into some 
of these chambers it is quite easy to descend, but others have become 
blocked up, either from the roof caving in or from débris falling 
through the opening and obstructing it. Those that I have examined 
are precisely alike in construction and shape, differing only in size, 
and a description of one, which is situated within a few yards of the 
mound marked 3 in the plan, will serve for all. 
The upper opening is 3 feet in diameter; that part of it which passes 
through the surface earth is built round with blocks of limestone. 
Three feet below the surface the opening terminates in the first step 
of a half-spiral staircase cut in the limestone, which leads to the floor 
of the chamber. The chamber itself is 18 feet long by 10 feet broad; 
the roof is arched, the highest part being just below the entrance; the 
opposite end is so low that it can not be reached without crawling on 
the hands and knees. The floor is slightly concave, giving the whole 
