SSO NUMERAL SYSTEMS (ETH. ANN. 19 
of 1 and 2 to 5 or its equivalent; 8 is 2X4, and 9 is based on 10. In 
Mixe 6, 7, and 8 are formed by adding 1, 2, and 3 to 5, but 9 is based 
on 10; and the same rule appears to be followed in the Zoque. In 
Tarasco the regular quinary order appears to prevail, though the term 
for 6 seems to refer to the process of counting, as the ew in cudmu, 
according to Basalenque (op. cit.), refers to the hand. 
Passing over the other idioms of the Shoshonean group, of which 
the signification of the numeral terms has not been specially studied 
by linguists, we return to the terms for 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the Mayan 
dialects. It will be noticed that in all of these dialects, except the 
Chuhe, the name for 9 begins with he, ba, or bo, and that most of them, 
omitting the terminal 4, add to complete the name the term for 10, 
lahun, lahu, ete., in more or less varied form. Thus, in Pokonchi, 
is be-lehe and 10, /ehe; in Pokomam, 9, be-lehem, and 10, lehem; in 
Ixil, 9, be/raual, and 10, /avual, ete. It is evident, therefore, that 
in these idioms the term for 9 is based on that for 10, the /ehe, Jun, 
Ju, and /on being mere abbreviations of dahun, lahu, ete. As be in the 
various dialects signifies ‘‘road, journey, way,” ete., this is probably 
next 
to.” In Chuhe, however, the name for 9, vv-angue, shows that here 
the term used here and is to be interpreted ‘‘on the way to, 
this number, contrary to the rule which prevails in the other dialects, 
is formed by the addition of 4, ch-angue, to some equivalent of 5, thus 
conforming to the quinary system. It is somewhat singular, however, 
that the name for 19 is ban-lahne, the ban being doubtless an abbrevia- 
tion of balun. 
The « in the name for 8 in all the idioms seems to furnish the key 
to the problem of the numbers 6, 7, and 8, as it indicates that 3—oa, 
ur, or dz—is combined with some equivalent of 5 represented by w and 
pu, as in u-ae-ae and wu-ar-ak, to form the 8. Up to the present no 
suggestion as to the signification of this prefix has been presented 
other than what is contained in the quotation from Charencey in 
regard to wac, 6, given above. Of the correctness of the above sug- 
gestion in regard to the name for 8 there would seem to be but little 
doubt. If this be accepted, it follows as reasonably certain that the 
names, except the one for 9, correspond with the mode of counting 
indicated by the written number symbols; that is, with the quinary 
system. The numbers 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the Maya (Yucatec) dialect may 
therefore be written out as follows, the 5 being inclosed in parentheses 
to indicate that it is represented by some substitute: 

6 u-ac=(5)+1. 8 u-ax-ac=(5)-+-3. 
7 u-uc=(5)+2. 9 bo-lon=on the way to 10. 
The name for 5 is not represented even by an ultimate abbreviation 
in the names for 6, 7, and 8, unless it be by the w and ww. 
