S90 NUMERAL SYSTEMS [ETH. ANN. 19 
however, that 10 should have what appears to be a simple integral 
name. The name for 20 is also simple, but that for 40—y7/-cha—is 
composite, signifying 2 times 20. The intermediate minor numbers in 
this system are always added to the preceding base and not, as in so 
many others, on that which follows, nor are they subtracted from a 
higher base or number, as we have found to be the case in the related 
Zapotec. 
Some of the number counts which appear to follow somewhat closely 
the quinary-vigesimal system having been presented, the next method 
of counting to which attention is called is that used by the Maya. As 
this system is the one in which most interest centers because of its 
relation to the numerals found in the codices and inscriptions, we shall 
dwell upon it more fully than we have upon the others, beginning 
with the numerals used by the Maya proper (Yucatecs). We take 
as our basis the series as given by Beltran in his Arte del Idioma Maya, 
placing at the right the interpretations or equivalents of the terms. 
Maya 
10 lahun. 
11 bulue. 
12 lah-ca=11--2. 
13. ox-lahun=3-+-10. 
14 can-lahun=4-+-10. 
15 ho-lahun=5+10. 
16 uac-lahun=6+ 10. 
17 uue-lahun=7 +10. 
18 uaxac-lahun=8~+10. 
19 bolon-lahun=9+-10. 
20 hun-kal=one 20, or kal. 
21 hun-tu-kal=1-+20, or 1 to 20. 
22 ca-tu-kal=2-+20. 
ox-tu-kal=3+-20. 
can-tu-kal=4+-20. 
ho-tu-kal=5-+-20. 
6 uac-tu-kal=6+ 20. 

St Ww bo to 
Si < 
27 uuc-tu-kal=7-+20. 
28 uaxac-tu-kal=8+ 20. 
29 bolon-tu-kal=9+20. 
30 lahu-ca-kal=10+-20. 
31 bulue-tu-kal=11-++ 20. 
32 lahea-tu-kal=12+-20, literally 104-2+20. 
3 oxlahu-tu-kal=13 +20, literally 3+-10+-20. 
34 canlahu-tu-kal=14+-20. 
35 holhu-ca-kal=15-+-20., 
36 uaclahun-tu-kal=16+-20. 
37 =uuclahu-tu-kal=17+ 20. 
38 uaxaclahu-tu-kal=18+ 20. 
39 bolonlahu-tu-kal=19-+-20, literally 9+10+20. 
40 ca-kal=2 20. 
Up to this point the forms are quite regular, except that of 11, 
which has a name as yet uninterpreted by the linguists. With this 
