968 TUSAYAN FLUTE AND SNAKE CEREMONIES [ETH. ANN. 19 
by black lines. In the inclosed field, which is white, there are four 
sets of semicircles of the same colors, each with four members also 
separated by black lines, and on the border there are a number of 
short parallel lines. These semicircles represent rain-clouds, and the 
parallel lines, falling rain. 
The semicircular figures oceupy about one-third of the inclosed 
field, and in the remainder there are four zigzag designs representing 
lightning, as snakes, colored yellow, green, red, and white, with black 
rims. Each lightning symbol has a triangular head, with two dots for 
eyes and parallel marks for a necklace. Appended to the head of each 
is a horn. 
On each side of the sand picture a row of sticks are set upright in 
clay pedestals. These sticks, like those at Oraibi, are straight, and 
not crooked at the end, as at Walpi. On the last day of the ceremony 
it is customary for the Antelope priests to hang the bundles of feathers 
which they wear on their heads on these sticks, as is shown in the 
picture of the Walpi altar (plate Lit). The straight sticks probably 
represent arrows, and possibly, when curved at the end, primitive 
implements of war, allied to bows, for the propulsion of arrow-like 
weapons." 
Back of the sand painting, about midway in the length of the rear 
margin, and slightly removed from it, was a small vase containing 
cornstalks and gourd vines. This vase is called a ‘** patne” and corre- 
sponds with that whieh the Snake-girl at Walpi holds in her hand 
during the dramatizations of the Snake legend, elsewhere described. 
Unfortunately there is nothing known of the part this vase plays in 
the secret exercises in any pueblo but Walpi; yet it probably has a 
similar réle in all. It may be said, in passing, that a similar vase is 
found on all Antelope altars, even the simplest; and there is no 
known Antelope altar where cornstalks and vines are absent on the 
last days of the ceremony. 
Four spherical netted gourds were placed at equal intervals along 
the front margin of the sand picture. These gourds, which were later 
carried by the Antelope priests in the public dance, are represented at 
Oraibi by a row of similar objects on each side of the altar. Between 
ach pair of these gourds there was an ear of corn, as is shown in 
the plate. The author’s studies have not proceeded far enough to 
enable him to connect these ears of corn with those of novices, which, 
1The author's illustration of the Oraibi altar is faulty in representing these sticks crooked at the 
end. They are straight in this pueblo as well as at Shipaulovi, as was stated in the descriptive 
text in the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 279. In the Oraibi 
Snake (not Antelope) dance the priests do not carry these rods from the altar. The left hands of 
all, with the exception of the man who carried an ear of corn, of the chief, who had his tiponi, and 
of the asperger, who bore the medicine-bow] and aspergill, were empty. Thirteen of the sticks were 
counted on the left side of the altar, and there were probably an equal number on the right side. 
There were no stone images of animals on this altar, and the stone “ teamahias”’ which are so con- 
spicuous in the Walpi altar between the clay pedestals and the border of the sand picture were 
likewise absent. There were no sticks along the front of the sand picture as at Walpi, where, by 
their distribution, spaces or gateways are left in the altar. 
