FEWKES] UNWRAPPING THE TIPONI 1003 
chief responded with **Ttii” (**My son”). He then lighted a second 
pipe and handed it to Hofyi with the word *Itupko” (‘* My elder 
brother”), to which the response ** Iviva” (** My younger brother”) was 
given. After Hofyi had smoked he returned his pipe to Sikyabotima, 
and the Flute chief did the same. Tu™noa, Honyi, Winuta, and Sik- 
yaustiwa then prayed in sequence. 
At the close of the prayers the songs began, the priests all keeping 
time by beating or shaking their rattles, and the Flute chief holding 
the paaya, or ** moisture rattle,” previously referred to. During the 
songs an old man cast pinches of meal to the cardinal points in sinistral 
sequence, and Winuta asperged medicine water toward the same 
directions by means of a feather. 
When the songs were about half finished Sikyabotima took the 
whizzers or bullroarers from the floor before the altar and twirled 
them several times, after which he went into an adjoining room and 
repeated the same action. Hani accompanied the songs with a flute.' 
When the singing came to an end, prayers followed, and a ceremonial 
smoke closed the exercises. 
Four chiefs were in the room on the opening day, and each of these 
made four nakwa kwoci or stringed feathers. No prayer-sticks were 
made on this day, nor on the next two days, a feature at variance with 
what occurred in the 1892 ceremony. The sixteen nakwakwoci were 
arranged in a basket-tray in four clusters indicating four cardinal 
directions, and were placed before the tiponis as shown in the illustra- 
tion (plate Lx1v). These were later offered to the gods of the four 
world-quarters. Pahos were said to have been made on the day on 
which the main altar was erected. 
UNWRAPPING THE FLUTE TIPONT 
| The unwrapping of the flute tiponi took place on the second day 
at about 1.30 p. m., the time consumed being somewhat over an 
hour. 
On entering the room the author found a number of Flute priests 
assembled, Winuta squatting on a white buckskin which had been 
spread over a white woolen blanket, beneath which was a red Navaho 
blanket of ordinary pattern. He wore a ceremonial kilt and had a 
feather tied to his scalp lock; otherwise he was naked. On the buckskin 
before him were spread, in regular rows, feathers and strings, with 
other appendages of the tiponi, the core of which he held in his hand. 
This core consisted of a wooden cup-shape object, in the cavity of 
which was inserted an ear of white corn with four black painted 
1The so-called flute used in the fute ceremony is different from the instrument usually known by 
that name, in that the person using it does not blow across a hole in the side, but across a terminal 
opening, although producing the tone by the same mechanical principle. To the extremity of the 
instrument is attached a trumpet-like piece of gourd, which is sometimes painted in many colors. 
The operator fingers certain holes along the side of the flute while playing. 
