1022 WILD RICE GATHERERS OF UPPER LAKES [ETH. ANN. 19 
In America the plant under present consideration is ordinarily 
known as ‘* wild rice,” a term similar to the common names of several 
other American grasses, thus necessitating some care in distinction. 
The greatest confusion will arise, doubtless, with Zzania miliacea, 
the only other American plant of the same genus. This latter plant 1s 
very common in the brackish waters of the southern states. It is some- 
times called ** prolific rice,” and is said to grow in shallow waters in 
Ohio and Wisconsin as well as in the south.’ Some confusion may 
arise also with plants of the same tribe, such as ‘‘little mountain rice” 
( Oryzopsis exigua), a slender perennial found among rocks and canyons 
and on mountain tops in Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, and Wash- 
ineton;” *‘ white mountain rice” (Oryzopsis asperfolia), also a slender 
perennial, found in the woods in Newfoundland, in eastern United 
States from Massachusetts and New Jersey to Minnesota, and in the 
Rocky mountains from British Columbia to New Mexico;* ** black 
mountain rice” (Oryzopsis melanocarpa), also a perennial, which is 
reported as growing in open rocky woods in Quebee and Ontario, and 
to the south as far as Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and Minnesota; * 
** small-flowered mountain rice” (Oryzopsis micrantha), a slender, erect 
perennial growing in woods, along river bluffs, and on mountain sides 
from South Dakota to Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona;° 
and Oryzopsis cuspidata, which grows in dry prairies about Fort Rob- 
inson, Nebraska.° 
PorpuLAR SYNONYMS 
In America there are four chief sources from which popular syn- 
onyms are derived for the plant under consideration, viz, the French, 
English, Algonquian, and Siouan languages. Other synonyms arise 
through dialects and faulty spelling, and still others through ignorance 
of a foreign language. Below is presented a list of 60 synonyms for 
the plant in America. Only one reference for each name is given: * 
AH-WUH-KAH-NE-ME-NO-MIN (Ojibwa of Grand Traverse bay)—Schoolcraft, Indian 
Tribes, vol. u, p. 463. 
AMERICAN RICE—Nuttall, Genera of North American Plants, vol. 11, p. 210. 
AVENA FATUA—Alex. Henry, Travels, p. 241. 
BLACKBIRD OATS. 
CANADIAN OATS. 
CANADIAN RICE—Smith, Dictionary of Economie Plants. 
CANADIAN WILD RICE—Cyclopedia; or a New Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sci- 
ence, vol. XXXIX. 

1Chas. L. Flint, Grasses and Forage Plants, Lincoln, 1890, pp. 29-30. 
?Lamson-Scribner, American Grasses, 1, p. 113, in Bull. 7 of the Division of Agrostology, U. S. Dept. 
of Agriculture, revised ed. 
Ibid., p.111. 
‘Tbid., p. 110. 
$Tbid., p.114 
© Bessey and Webber, Grasses and Forage Plants, Lincoln, 1890, p. 104. 
7See the bibliography for the complete titles of the references, 
