1024 WILD RICE GATHERERS OF UPPER LAKES (ETH. ANN. 19 
W Asserreis—Ibid, p. 59. 
Water oars—Lamson-Scribner, op. cit., p. 95. 
Warer rice—Ibid, p. 95. 
Wixp oars—Coues, Expedition of Z. M. Pike, vol. 1, p. 344. 
Witp rrcE—Lamson-Scribner, op. cit., p. 95. 
The letter frem Professor Matsumura, above referred to, enables 
me to add a short list of synonyms for the plant and seed from Japan, 
China, and Formosa, as follows: 
CuImMaki-Gusa (thousand-rolling-grass) —Japan. 
Karsuso (water-reed )—Japan. 
Komo-Gaya (coyering-grass )—Japan. 
Komo-cusa (matting or covering-grass)—Japan. 
Makr-cusa (rolling-grass)—Japan. 
Makomo ( water-reed )—Japan. 
K Av-pEH-SUNG—Formosa. 
Kansu (the name for the young shoot)—China. 
Hanacarsumt (flower-water-reed-fruit, i. e., the seed or grain) —Japan. 
Karsumt (water-reed-fruit, i. e., the seed or grain) —Japan. 
Makomo-No-mi (fruit of the water-reed, i. e., the seed or grain)—Japan. 
EryMoLtocy oF ‘* MANo/MIN ” 
Of the American synonyms given above, the larger number follow 
the norm mano'min. This is the Algonquian word for wild rice, 
and it is chiefly through this term that the plant has influenced geo- 
graphical names in America. The word is a compound of the adjec- 
tive and adverbial form me-no, meaning ** good,” ** right,” ** well,” 
and of the noun form 77, meaning ** berry.” Me-no never changes 
its form in the language, but is used quite variously, as mc-n0 
au-ne-ne, ** good man”; me-no au-yaw, ‘he is getting well.” This 
term and maw-tchi, or mau-tch7, meaning ‘* bad,” and used exactly 
as is ie-no, ave the most common adjectives in the Ottawa and Ojibwa 
languages.‘ The form mn is used in a great many words which 
denote berry or fruit, as in au-zhaw-way-min (beechnut), ane-she-min 
(apple), shaw-bo-min (gooseberry), me-daw-min (maize), and 11/s-kou- 
min (ved raspberry). Among the Algonquian tribes of New Eng- 
land, kinsmen of the Ottawa and Ojibwa Indians, mn or meen is the 
word for berry or maize, mn being the general term for berry.* 
Thus mano'imin, the term by which wild rice first came to be known 
among the white settlers of the Northwest—the French at Green bay, 
Wisconsin—is the Algonquian word for the very suggestive and 
good berry.” or ‘‘ good fruit.” The French 
common-sense term 
named the plant folle avoine (wild oat, mad oat, or fool oat), and 
this term and its various faulty renditions are frequently applied to 
See Wilson, Ojebwa Language, p. 21; Blackbird, History of the Ottawa, pp, 111, 112. 
“Blackbird, op, cit., p. 122; see also Wilson and Baraga. 
Burratt, Indian of New England, p. 19. 
