1082 WILD RICE GATHERERS OF UPPER LAKES [ETH. ANN, 19 
Macfarlane, Philadelphia, December 12, 1898). It is reported in 
Brandywine river, in Chester county, by Flora Cestrica, p. 93, edited 
in Westchester, Pennsylvania, 1837. Thomas C. Porter (A List of 
the Grasses of Pennsylvania, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 
vol. xx, 1893, p. 197) says that it grows in Lancaster county above 
Shocks Mill. 
Ruope Isutanp. Occurs in Providence county (letter of J. Frank- 
lin Collins, Providence, Rhode Island, May 4, 1899). 
SoutH Carouina. No data through correspondence. 
Sourn Daxora. Abundant in streams tributary to Sioux, James, 
and Little Minnesota rivers, and throughout eastern South Dakota 
(letter of D. W. Saunders, Brookings, South Dakota, January 4, 
1899; see also Grasses and Forage Plants of the Dakotas, U. 5. Dept. 
of Agric., Div. of Agros., Bull. 6, p. 17). It is also reported from 
Huron, Tacoma, Brookings, and Sioux Falls counties. 
Trennesser. Not known (letters of Samuel McBain, Knoxville, 
Tennessee, December 9, 1898, and November 27, 1899). 
Texas. ‘Grows in Texas, presumably in south and east Texas, 
abundantly” (letter of William M. Bray, Austin, Texas, December 
13, 1898). Coulter (Dept. of Agric., Div. of Bot., U. S. Nat. Her- 
barium, vol. 1, p. 55) says that it is found in the region of the Rio 
Grande ** between Brazos Santiago, and El Paso county.” 
Uran. Not known (letter of O. Howard, Salt Lake City, Utah, 
December 18, 1898). 
Vermont. Grows in abundance in Lake Champlain valley in at 
least Franklin, Chittenden, Addison, Rutland, and Grand Isle counties 
(letter of L. R. Jones, Burlington, Vermont, December 27, 1898). 
Vireinta. Not known in the Allegheny or Piedmont regions, but 
is found in the Potomac flats (letter of A. H. Tuttle, Charlottesville, 
Virginia, January 17, 1899). 
Wasnincton. No data through correspondence. 
Wesr Virernta. Not known (letter of W. E. Rumsey, Morgan- 
town, West Virginia, December 17, 1898). 
Wisconsin. See the ** Wild-rice District,” in the present chapter. 
Wyominc. Not known (letter of Aven Nelson, Laramie, Wyo- 
ming, December 12, 1898). 
During the first quarter of the nineteenth century wild rice grew 
quite extensively in that expanse of the United States lying between 
the Mississippi river and the Rocky mountains.’ 
‘Mr John Dunn Hunter was a captive from childhood to young manhood among the Osage Indians, 
and during the first-quarter of the nineteenth century roamed over “the Missouri and Arkansas 
country,’ which he describes as being ‘‘ bounded on the east by the state of Missouri and Mississippi 
river; north by the British dominions; west by the Rocky mountains; and south by the Arkansas 
river and territories of the Mexican empire”? (Hunter, Memoirs of a Captivity, pp. 187,138). He classi- 
fies the lands of this extensive territory under five heads, as follows: (1) Alluvial or river bottom, (2) 
fertile prairies, (8) hills, (4) morasses or swamps, (5) barrens or sterile prairies. He says of the 
morasses or swamps, ‘In general they afford the wild rice, from which, after the buffaloes and other 
grazing animals have tramped over it, the Indians collect their supplies”’ (ibid., p, 142). 
