JENKS] THE OJIBWA 1039 
Indian traditions, such as are recited in the so-called Grand Medi- 
cine Society of the Ojibwa, contain much of Indian tribal history. 
The student will be impressed with the accuracy of Ojibwa traditions, 
as presented by Mr Warren, when dates are mentioned which authentic 
written history can confirm.'* That authority states that, according to 
their traditions, the Ojibwa dwelt on the Atlantic coast north of St 
Lawrence river about five hundred years ago. At that time they 
started westward, stopping for a considerable period on the St Law- 
rence near the present Montreal, again on Lake Huron, then at Sault 
Ste Marie, and finally at La Pointe, Wisconsin, and possibly also at 
Fond du Lac, Lake Superior, as one of their traditions includes this 
latter as a stopping place. 
It is not known what name the Ojibwa bore before they reached 
Michilimackinac, where, from natural causes, they split into three great 
sections. One section remained near the point of separation—these 
are the Ottawa, *‘Ot-tah-way,” or ‘‘ Traders.” The second, the Pota- 
watomi, ‘‘Potta-wat-um-ees,” or ‘*Those-who-make-or-keep-a-fire,” 
moved up Lake Michigan and for a time kept alive the sacred national 
fire. The third division, the Ojibwa, or ** To-roast-till-puckered-up,” 
stopped at Sault Ste Marie for along period after the separation. They 
made war against the Iroquois in the east, whom they called ‘* Naud-o- 
waig,” and against the Sioux [Dakota] in the west, whom they called 
** Naud-o-wa-se-wug.” Naud-o-waig literally means ‘* Like-unto-the 
adders,” and is thus an Ojibwa tribute to the deadly warlike spirit of 
both these tribes. 
During a considerable part of the westward migration of the tribal 
ancestors of the Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibwa Indians, it is doubt- 
less true that they were driven in that direction by the fierce Iroquois. 
But since the division of the parent tribe, the Ojibwa, in their continued 
westward migration, have been mainly fierce aggressors. Some of them 
remained at Sault Ste Marie and in time became a village. These were 
the first Ojibwa with whom the French came in contact, and because of 
the situation of this village the French called all of the Ojibwa Indians 
‘““Saulteaux.” The remainder of the tribe split again, however, and 
continued westward. One branch, the Saulteaux, passed north of 
Lake Superior eyen to Rainy lake, and formed a lasting peace with the 

1 Mr Warren says that the Ojibwa Indians first became acquainted with the white man about the 
year 1612 (op. cit., p. 90). Dr Neill has shown from printed records that Stephen Brulé, one of the 
reckless and enterprising yoyageurs under Champlain, appears to have been the first white man who 
brought to Quebec, about 1618, a description of Lake Superior, as well as a specimen of its copper; and 
further, Lake Superior is first shown on a map by Champlain in 1632. It is probable that the Ojibwa 
Indians were the ones with whom Brulé came in contact on Lake Superior at that time (see Neill, 
in Minn. Hist. Colls., vol. v., pp. 399-405). Again, Warren fixes the date of the treaty between the 
Ojibwa and the Dakota, after the former had driven the Dakota from the rice lakes of St Croix 
river,at about the year 1695. Warren's editor calls attention to the fact that La Harpe wrote that 
Le Sueur in 1695 built a fort on an island in the Mississippi about 200 leagues above Illinois river in 
order to effect a treaty between the Sauteurs (Ojibwa) and the Sioux (Dakota) (Warren, op. cit., p. 
163 and note). 
