JENKs] THE OJIBWA 1041 
murdered some of the Ojibwa from that village, they were driven from 
Mille Laces by the united Ojibwa tribe. Immediately thereafter the 
Ojibwa began to force the Dakota from the rice lakes of St Croix river 
region, which they had long occupied in conjunction with the Fox 
Indians. In 1695 Le Sueur effected peace between the Ojibwa and the 
Dakota of the St Croix, who at that time lived near together and even 
intermarried. The Ojibwa chose Rice lake at the head of Shell river, 
which is a tributary of the St Croix, as their permanent settlement in 
the newly acquired territory, and it was still an Ojibwa village in 1852.1 
Fish are yery plentiful in all of the lakes about the sources of the 
Mississippi. The country also affords birch bark and maple sugar abun- 
dantly, and ‘‘in many of these lakes, which lie clustered together within 
an area of several hundred miles, the wild rice grows in large quanti- 
ties and most luxuriantly, affording the Indian an important staple of 
subsistence.”” After the conquest of the Mille Lacs and St Croix 
region the Ojibwa drove the Dakota from Sandy lake, Aitkin county, 
Minnesota, and made there a permanent settlement. It was subse- 
quently from this point, as before it was from Chequamegon bay, that 
the Ojibwa war parties started which eventually drove the Dakota from 
their favorite homes at Leech, Winnipeg, Cass, and Red lakes, as well 
as from Gull lake, Crow Wing, and the vicinity of Mille Lacs. The 
Dakota made their last determined stand upon the islands of Leech 
lake, but finally withdrew to the edge of the western prairies between 
the sources of Minnesota river and Red river of the North. By the 
year 1783 the Ojibwa were occupying Sandy, Leech, and Red lakes, 
and there was not a Dakota village above the Falls of St Anthony and 
east of the Mississippi. * 
The first permanent Ojibwa settlement on Ottawa lake, the site of 
the present Lac Courte Oreille reservation, was made about the year 
1745. From there new villages were at length made at Lac Chetae, 
Red Cedar lake, Long lake, and ** Puk-wa-wanuh on Chippeway river.” 
At about the time that the Fox Indians were driven from Wisconsin 
river, the Ojibwa began to occupy this latter territory, their chief village 
being established at ** Waus-wag-im-ing” (Torch lake, Lac du Flam- 
beau). From here they spread down the Wisconsin as far as the mouth 
of Fox river, and toward the east as far as Pelican lake. From these 
various places, during the last hundred years, they have spread over the 
remainder of northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, fighting with remnants 
of the Fox, Dakota, and Winnebago tribes at each advancing step. In 
the latter part of the eighteenth century the two bands of the Ojibwa— 
the Lac Courte Oreille and Lac du Flambeau—on the sources of Chip- 
peway and Wisconsin rivers, respectively, numbered about a thousand 


14 permanent Ojibwa wigwam is illustrated in plate Lxviil, though generally, at that day, per- 
Manent as well as temporary wigwams were of birch bark or birch bark and matting, See plates 
LXVII b, LXXIX. 
2 Warren, op. cit., pp. 175-176. 
3 Neill, History of the Ojibwa, p. 450. 
