JENKS] THE SAUK AND FOX 1051 
Carver said that there was a Sauk town on the Ouisconsin | Wiscon- 
sin] river near the portage to the Fox river where ** they raife great 
quantities of Indian corn, beans, melons, &c. fo that this place is 
efteemed the beft market for traders to furnifh themfelves with pro- 
vifions, of any within eight hundred miles of it.”' It was about the 
year 1730 that ** Sauk-e-nug,” the Sauk capital, was built on Rock river 
some 3 miles south of Rock Island, Illinois. In the year 1804 the 
Sauk and Fox together ceded southern Wisconsin, or such land as lay 
east of the Mississippi and as far south as ‘*the mouth of the Ouiscon- 
sing river, and up the same to a point which shall be thirty-six miles 
in a direct line from the mouth of the said river; then in a direct 
line to the point where Fox river (a branch of the Illinois) leaves the 
small lake called Sakauegan; thence down the Fox river to the Illinois 
river, and down the same to the Mississippi.” In 1825 the Sauk and 
Fox relinquished all claim to territory east of the Mississippi and 
north of Iowa river. 
In 1826 it was written of the Sauk that ‘‘they don’t make use of 
wild rice, because they have none in their country except when they 
procure some from the Wenebagoes or Menominie Indians.”° It is 
probable that neither of these tribes used wild rice extensively after 
about the middle of the eighteenth century, when the Fox Indians 
were driven from their Wisconsin river retreat. 
Each of these two tribes numbered probably about 1,500 or 2,000 
souls during the period when they produced wild rice. In 1823 
Beltrami said that there were four Fox villages along Wisconsin river, 
with a total population of 1,600.° Pike reported in 1806 that in the 
three Sauk villages there were 700 warriors, 750 women, 1,400 children, 
and probably a total number of 2,850 souls. Of the Fox Indians he 
said there were also three villages, and 400 warriors, 500 women, 850 
children, a total, probably, of 1,750.* 
Tue WINNEBAGO 
The Winnebago Indians belong to the Siouan linguistic stock. They 
were the rear-guard of their kinsmen, the Dakota, for, while the latter, 
in their movement westward, passed on to the headwaters of the 
Mississippi and its large tributaries, the Winnebago halted near Lake 
Michigan. They long occupied a strip of territory lying due east of the 
Mississippi to the foot of Green bay. 
Schoolcraft says the Algonquian called the Puants (Winnebago) 
‘*Wee-ni-bee-gog,” from the Algonquian weennd (turbid or foul), and 

1 Carver, Travels, p. 47. 
2 Account of the Manners and Customs of the Sauk Indians (manuscript), 1826, by Thomas Forsyth 
(in Wisconsin Historical Society’s manuscript collection), pp. 39-40. 
3 Beltrami, Pilgrimage, vol. I, p. 169 
4 Pike, Expeditions, table F, to face p. 66, app., part 1. 
