1078 WILD RICE GATHERERS OF UPPER LAKES (ETH. ANN. 19 
Note a—Estimates of other Indian productions for the year 1864 




Commodities Amounts Value 
1, ea Bese ee ra aR Rn RE Seer 5 SBOE ES COS Pe Sa SIH OA AA PASS S0o Sk roSo2 0, 000 
Maple SUBATRsSccc cnet et ene Sees pee Secon ee ra tone See 150,000 pounds 15, 000 
POtAtOCS ce ee ee a a a a te ee a ata ote aiar ese cerca ee 3,000 bushels 3, 000 
Maize 2. oa ccee oe ses cie cs etes s See ae ac ee oe a ee ae eae ee 1,000 bushels 1,500 
U Iho) 6) eee Sea = eee Seen ae Ana ROSS pogo aemaca 57) sansmaoze spot Sae 59, 500 


With wild rice valued at $25,000, as is given in Table A, it equaled 30.308 per cent of the total Indian 
production (Indian Affairs Report, 1864, p. 417). 
Note b—Zizania aquatica has not been found west of the Rocky mountains; so this reference should 
be, probably, to Avena fatua, the indigenous wild oat of California and vicinity. 
Note c—Several letters of inquiry sent to Indian Territory have met with.no response. It is there- 
fore impossible to state what grain this is, though it is believed to be Zizania aquatica. 
Note d—The Seminole of Indian territory planted rice in 1873 (see Indian Affairs Report, 1878, p. 212). 
The same fact is suggested in the Indian Affairs Report for 1872. 
This table shows, therefore, when all doubtful references to wild-rice 
production are disregarded, that, besides the Indians in the wild rice 
district, the following have produced the grain since 1852: The Kicka- 
poo of Kansas; the Chippewa (Ojibwa) of Saginaw, Michigan; the 
Seneca and others of New York; the Santee Sioux of Nebraska, and 
the Peah Ute of Colorado. 
It is regretted that no data could be obtained from the four reserva- 
tions where wild rice is now produced in greatest quantities, viz, those 
of Red lake, Pine point, Wild Rice river, and White Earth agency, 
all in Minnesota. 
Following is a list of Indian agencies at reservations where no 
wild rice grows, although the natives are within reach of what was 
once wild-rice territory, and many of them consumed the grain at an 
earlier period: 
Lower Brulé agency, South Dakota. Sisseton agency, South Dakota. 
Cheyenne River agency, South Dakota. Standing Rock agency, North Dakota. 
Crow Creek agency, South Dakota. Devils Lake agency, North Dakota. 
Pine Ridge agency, South Dakota. Fort Berthold agency, North Dakota. 
Yankton agency, South Dakota. Mackinaw agency, Michigan. 
Rosebud agency, South Dakota. 
Taste B—Value of wild rice per bushel 
[Nore oF EXPLANATION—These yalues are obtained from Table A] 
Per bushel | Per bushel 
S64 Sasso see eee ee ee een $5:/00Al V869.... 2 ek Soe ce eetwe oer ele $4. 00 
LEB OG. 2 eee eee $2. 00, 3. 00, and 4.00 | 1870.... $0. 60, 1. 20, 5. 00, 7. 00 and 10. 00 
1867) ccc + eee eee $1001and 2500s | Mi Siilie eee eee ae $4. 25 and 5. 00 
L868 \2 oe see sie sae eso $2.00 and 4. 00 
The following table will aid in showing how long and how largely 
the Indians in the wild-rice district have been able to maintain them- 
selves through natural production. Some idea may also be obtained 
