1116 WILD RICE GATHERERS OF UPPER LAKES (ETH. ANN. 19 
Srecrions or Country! 
No other plant which was used for food by the North American 
Indian during the period of Indian natural production has stamped its 
name upon so extensive a section of territory as has the wild-rice plant. 
About the year 1820 Dr Morse found that ** the rice country extended 
north to the Lake of the Woods, thence along the northern borders of 
the United States to Lake Superior; and south to the Ouisconsin [ Wis- 
consin| and Fox rivers, and from the last river northerly along the west 
side of Lake Michigan.””* One reads that in 1860 this territory to the 
south of Lake Superior was called by the Canadians /e pays de la 
folle avoine. The French Canadians often spoke of these southern 
lands as les terres folles or la folle avoine as *‘Je veux hiverner a a 
Tolle avoine.”* 
At about the date of Dr Morse’s Report Schoolcraft said that the 
Folle Avoine country included Lac du Flambeau, Ottowa lake, Yellow 
river, ‘‘Nama Kowagun” of St. Croix river, and Snake river.* He 
presented at that time a map which has drawn upon it a ** Great trail 
to the Holle Avoine country,” leading southwest from near present 
Houghton, on Lake Superior, Wisconsin, into the above ‘* Folle Avoine 
country.” As early as 1792 the great Northwest Fur Company desig- 
nated one of its four departments, the country drained by the St Croix 
river, the Holle Avoine department.° 
Manomah Isle (Chambers island) in Green bay is given on Farmer’s 
Fourth Sheet or Map of Wisconsin, Iowa, etc, John Farmer (Detroit, 
1848). 
Manomin county was created in Minnesota in 1859 by Mr iridley. 
In 1870 it was changed to Fridley township of Anoka county.° 
The Upper Peninsula of Michigan has a Jenominee county, the sec- 
tion of country which is separated from Wisconsin by the Menominee 
river. 
There is a Menominee township in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, 
and a Manomin township in Anoka county, Minnesota, while Freeborn 
county, Minnesota, has a 227?celand township. 
tice county, Minnesota, is so named out of respect for the Honor- 
able H. M. Rice. 
Great Rice M{arsh| is located on the south side of St Pierre 
(Minnesota) river near its junction with the Mississippi river on a 
map by Carver in 1766 or immediately after.‘ In 1796 this same 
section of territory was called Rice Swamp, and along the north side 
of the river farther to the west were Rice Marshes.* 

are in italics. Im these names the original form is literally followed. 
8 Kohl, Kitchi-Gami, pp. 117, 118. 
1Names referring to wild rice 


“Morse, Report, appendix, p. 30. 
4Schooleraft, Summary Narrative, appendix, p.576. 
5Warren, History of the Ojibways, chapter XXXIV. 
®Coues, Pike, yol. 111, , p. 887, under * Fridley.” 7 Map with Carver's Travels . . . 1766-1768. 
® Map, London, A. Arrowsmith, January 1, 1796: additions, 1802. 
