58 introduction to Geology. 
The preceding sketch (/g.15.) from Dr. Buckland, from 
Section B. of the formations near Appleby, exhibits this series 
partly resting upon vertical beds of greywacke. 
The Upper Series consists ofall the formations between the 
coal and the chalk, as will be hereafter detailed. “These rocks 
seldom incline considerably in this country, like the preceding 
class. The directions, or lines of bearing, of the English strata 
stretch in an irregularly parallel direction across the island, 
from the south-west to the north-east. As these beds rise to 
the north-west, their uplifted edges are often abrupt, forming 
escarpments. The oolite limestone and the chalk furnish the 
boldest examples of these outcrops, while the clays and soft 
strata form intermediate valleys and low plains. See the sec- 
tion (fig. 16.) of the principal secondary formations in the 
midland counties. 
_ 
or) 
Broadway, 
1086 st. 
Fisey Downs 
Fale of Eveshuan 
(/ Windrush Fale. 
—— 
nd. 
ult. 
da. 
Green Sa 
Red Marl. | 
Lias. 
— 
| } 
olite. ( 
\ 
fi 
7 
A 
VA \ 
{ 
Upper Oolite, | Whichwood Forest 
be 
Forest Marhiee \ A 
) 
.. Cornbrash. La < 
= 
Oaford Clay. 
Thames, 
3 Sand, 
Coral Rag, o 
Ouk tree Clay. = 
i e. 
Tron Sand. 
cen Sand. 
. Chalk, 
Lower Go 
Aylesbury Sto: 
Culcareow. 
Tertiary. 
Tertiary Class. — After the consolidation of the chalk, it is 
apparent that its surface was subjected to the violent oper- 
ations of mighty waters, which occasioned the partial removal 
or destruction of that formation; and there are indications of 
along interval of time between the deposition of the chalk 
and the succeeding strata. Their organic remains are very 
different, and the other characters of this series are also dis- 
similar, All these circumstances, announcing an important 
geological epoch, are sufficiently remarkable to suggest an 
arrangement of the beds above the chalk, under the separate 
r ng . 
class of Tertiary Formations. 
It is well observed by Professor Sedgewick, that “ the Eng- 
lish formations which rest immediately upon the chalk belong 
a : . ny _ 
to a distinct epoch in the natural history of the earth; for they 
are not coextensive with, nor always conformable to, the beds 
by which they are supported, but rather resemble materials 
which have been mechanically drifted into the deep depressions 
or water-worn denudations of the older rocks. They are, 
therefore, generally limited to the extent of certain preexist- 
ing inequalities in the surface of the globe. 
