358 Introductory View of the 
we are indebted for the lime, the lemon, the citron, and the 
orange. ‘The orange tree may be considered as one of the 
graces of the vegetable world, uniting in itself a multiplicity 
of charms. It is a tree of handsome growth, with polished 
evergreen leaves of the most elegant form, a profusion of 
beautiful and fragrant flowers, and a wholesome and delicious 
fruit, cased in gold, which has inspired the poets with a thou- 
sand exquisite images ; yet, not satisfied with all these perfec- 
tions, it insists upon yet further provoking the genus irritabile, 
by possessing them all at once; the delicate white blossoms 
breathing out their sweetness upon the very cheeks of the 
glowing fruit. Suchis the beauty of the tree; ask the feverish 
invalid if its benevolence be not yet greater. 
We have one British genus of this order, St. John’s wort 
(Hypéricum), one species of which the peasants of France and 
Germany gather on St. John’s day, and hang in their windows, 
as a charm against evil spirits. 
The nineteenth class, Syngenesia, has compound flowers, 
with the anthers united into a tube. The name of the class 
(from the Greek, growing together) tells in two ways; apply- 
ing both to the union of the anthers and to the number of 
florets forming the compound flower. ‘The florets are of two 
kinds ; either tubular, with a spreading five-cleft margin, or 
Ligulate, long, flat, and narrow, with a very minute tube at 
the base. ‘They have five stamens and one pistil, and are 
crowded many together on one common receptacle, seated in 
a common calyx. In the first order, Polygdmia Aiqualis, the 
florets are all ligulate, as the common dandelion. In the 
second order, Poly: lygamia Supérflua, anumber of ligulate florets 
wanting stamens are ranged round the circumference of the 
receptacle, and called the rays; while the centre is crowded 
with tubular florets, having both stamens and pistil, and is 
termed the disk, as in the daisy, in which the disk is yellow, 
and the rays white. In the third order, Polygdmia Frustranea, 
the florets of the circumference have neither stamens nor pis~ 
til, as may be seen in the common blue corn-flower. In the 
fourth order, Polygamia Necessaria, the florets of the disk 
have no pistil, the marginal florets no stamens, as may be 
observed in the common garden marigold (Caléndula). In the 
last order, Polygdmia Segregata, the florets have, in addition 
to the common calyx which protects them all, a partial calyx, 
sometimes to each separate floret, sometimes containing two 
or more. Of this order we can give no familiar example. 
From this class we derive several esculent plants and bitter 
herbs, as the lettuce, endive, cardoon, artichoke, tansy, worm- 
wood, chamomile, &c.; and some ornamental flowers, as the 
