Antediluvian Soology. 369 
peds, Baron Cuvier observed that mammiferous sea animals 
are in more ancient strata than mammiferous land animals ; 
oviparous quadrupeds than viviparous quadrupeds. ‘The ovi- 
parous quadrupeds apparently began to exist at the same time 
with the fishes; the land quadrupeds not until long after, 
and after the period when most of the shells were deposited. 
On comparing the antediluvian animals with those existing, 
it is seen that the principal loss has fallen upon the Carnivora, 
while the ruminants are preserved. Another singular fact 
has been elicited through the labours of the baron. The 
fossil ruminants appertain precisely to the genera and sub- 
genera at present most common in the northern climates: to 
the aurochs, the musk-ox, the elk, and the rein-deer ; while 
the fossil Pachydérmata, the elephant, the rhinoceros, the 
hippopotamus, and the tapir, are limited at present to the 
torrid zone.” 
Carnivora. — Remains of carnivorous animals are frequently 
found in our island. The supposed antediluvian fissures of 
rocks, chiefly in the mountain limestone, red sandstone, and 
oolite, are their principal receptacles. They are derived from 
several extinct species of hyenas, wolf, tiger, bear, and weasel. 
(fig. 95.) 
a, Molar tooth of wolf; 5, molar tooth of tiger; c, molar tooth of hyena. From Kirkdale cave. 
Science is indebted to the zealous researches of Dr. Buck- 
land for investigating the circumstances connected with the 
caverns where these animals have been discovered. Similar 
bones have been found, mixed with brick earth and lacustrine 
exuviee, at Brentford, in gravel at Rugby, and in diluvium 
near Maidstone. It is probable that all the animals whose 
remains have been seen in caves will be traced in the diluvial 
or transported gravel, an opinion which is derived from high 
geological authority. In Yorkshire, an interesting discovery 
has more recently been communicated by Mr. Vernon, of the 
