480 Queries and Answers. 
certainly too extenstve destruction of it in its different states. The queries 
relate only to its natural history, and answers are earnestly requested, 
stating facts relative to the opinions given, with the suggestion of additional 
queries, or any thing that will tend to illustrate the history of the species. 
Address the answers to Sir W. Jardine, Jardine Hall, by Lockerbie, Dum- 
friesshire. 
Salmon. — 1. At what age do salmon commence spawning? and how 
often is it supposed that they have migrated to and from the sea, previously 
to their first parting with their spawn = ?—2. Do the males and females attain 
maturity at the same period or age? and ‘do all of one age spawn nearly at 
the same season ?— 3, At what time do the young, or fry, first leave 
the rivers ?—4. When do the young, or fry, first return to the rivers ? — 
5. What are the size, weight, and appearance of the fry, on their first return 
from the sea, and under what denomination do they then go ?—6. Are 
they so far arrived at maturity as to spawn, and be productive, on their first 
return from the sea, or previously to a second migration ? —7. Are any 
fish known to shed their spawn abortively, before they arrive at their full 
growth or maturity ? or is the spawn observable in young fish retained 
until the parents attain the ordinary growth and size of the species when it 
is known to be productive ? 
Grilse, —8.Are grilses immature salmon, and if they are, what is their 
age ?— 9, What is the distinctive character between a large grilse and a 
small salmon ? — 10. At what season do grilses first appear in ‘the rivers ? 
What is their weight ? and are they supposed to be the fry of the same 
year, on their first return from the sea? — 11. Have the fry been marked, 
and afterwards taken as grilses in the course of the same year, and have 
erilses been marked, and afterwards taken as full-grown salmon ? — 12. Is 
it supposed that any sexual intercourse takes place | between the salmon and 
ie species of the genus, thereby producing a mongrel or mixed breed of 
fish ? 
Whitling and Sea-trout. — 13. Does the whitling of the Tweed ever become 
a salmon? if not, to what size and weight does it attain ? — 14. Is the whit- 
ling of the Tweed known by any other name in its various stages of growth ? 
Does it spawn, and at what season? What are its migrations ? — 15. Is 
the sea-trout of some other rivers the same with the whitling of the Tweed ? 
Is it found in all rivers containing salmon? Does it spawn? Is the young, 
or fry Known, and what are its migrations ? 
Herling. — 16. Is the herling or hirling of the Annan and Nith, and the 
whiting of the Esk in Cumberland, the same with the finnock of the west 
coast of Scotland, and the sewin of the Welsh rivers ? — 17. Is the herling 
found in the rivers on the eastern coast of Scotland, or in any of the rivers 
in England or Jreland, and under what name or names is it there known ? 
— 18. Does the herling spawn, and at what season? and is it known in 
any intermediate state between the fry and herling ? Is the fry known, and 
what are its migrations ? 
Bull-trout. — 19. 1s the bull-trout of the Tweed the same with the salmon 
trout of the Tyne and Tees, &c. ? and is it known by any other name dur- 
ing its growth from the fry to maturity ? 
20. Is the parr met with in all rivers containing salmon? where and 
when does it spawn? Is it the same with the brandling of the north of 
England, and the skirling of Wales? Is it supposed to be a perfect fish, 
or the fry of some species of salmon ? 
21, What is the grey (Salmo E‘riox) of Dr. Fleming ? What are its 
st ates from the young to the adult? What are its migrations ? 
22. Are there any species of migratory salmon, distinct from those above 
1 berienel known in the rivers of your neighbourhood 4 
Dugong.— Of all the finny tribe, the dugong (? ) is that which approaches 
nearest to the human form, It is able to raise itself erect in the water ; 
