514 Cuvierian, or Natural, System of Zoology. 
by long nails, which are commonly crooked. Some animals 
of this order have no canine teeth, and others have no teeth 
whatever. The sloth, &c. 
7. The order Pacuype’rmes; from the Greek pachys, 
thick, and derma, a skin. This order comprises all thick- 
skinned animals with hoofs, that do not ruminate. The ele- 
phant, horse, &c. 
8. The order Rumina’ntes; from the Latin rumznare, to 
chew again. ‘The animals of this order are distinguished by 
their divided hoofs; the upper jaw is without true incisive 
teeth ; and they have four stomachs. The ox, sheep, &c. 
9. The order Ce’race’Es, or CeracEous; from the Latin 
cete, whales. The animals of this order have no hind limbs ; 
their form, which resembles a fish, and their aquatic life, might 
induce us to arrange them in a separate class, if all the other 
parts of their economy did not agree eon those of the class in 
which they are here placed. They are the warm-blooded fish 
of the ancients: to the strength of a other Mammalia, they 
unite the advantage of being supported by a watery element, 
and we find among them the most gigantic of all animals. 
It may be useful to compare the ‘Cuvierian ar rangement of 
mammiferous animals with the Linnean arrangement of the 
same class, as the latter was till very recently the received 
system of English naturalists. Linneeus divides the animals 
of this class into seven orders, the distinctive characters of 
which are taken almost exclusively from the number and 
position of the teeth. By confining himself to this one cha- 
racter, he has brought together in his first order animals 
greatly unlike in other respects, as men and bats. The generic 
characters in the Linnean system are also chiefly taken from 
the teeth. A comparison of the two systems cannot fail to 
convince the unprejudiced naturalist, that the Cuvierian ar- 
rangement is the most natural as well as the most scientific. 
Order 1. Prima‘res; from the Latin primus, first or chief. 
Four incisive and two canine teeth above, and the same num- 
ber in the lower jaws. This order includes the genera man, 
apes, lemurs, and bats, comprising animals which belong to 
three orders, as classed by Cuvier. 
Order 2. Bru‘ra; from the Latin brutus, brute, irra- 
tional. No incisive or fore teeth in either jaw. ‘The genera 
in this order are the elephant, the Trichéchus, or morse, the 
sloth, the anteater, the Manis, or pangolin, the Dasypus, or 
armadillo: it comprises animals belonging to three orders in 
the Cuvierian arrangement. 
Order 3. Fer; from the Latin ferus, a wild beast. This 
order of Linnzeus includes the Carnassiers of Cuvier, except 
