14 THE NAUTILUS. 



In looking up the literature, I found tliat there was considerable 

 diversity of opinion and that authors were not always careful to 

 follow the original description. Binney in Terr. Moll. IV, 17, 

 copied Forbes' description and remarks verbatim and copied Forbes' 

 fig. 2b on his PI. LXXVI, fig. 12. 



Pfeiffer in Mon. Hel. Viv. III. 182 changed Forbes' description 

 which gave the size as 22 x 19 x 19 m.m., whorls 6, to size 24 x 20 x 

 16 m.m., whorls 5. 



Tryon in Mon. Terr. Moll. U. S., p. 66 (Am. Jour. Conch. II. 317, 

 PI. VI, fig. 1.) translates Forbes' description, but his fig. 1, PI. VI 

 looks as if it might have been drawn from a specimen of E. arrosa 

 marinensis. 



Binney in Terr. Moll. V, 361 translates Forbes' description ver- 

 batim, but figures a large depressed shell from Santa Catalina Is., fig. 

 242, and says: — " I am positive that it is correctly referred to kel- 

 /e<^'." In his remarks he refers to t lie peculiar sculpture where he 

 gays : — " There are traces on different parts of each sliell of three 

 different kinds of sculpturing; the wrinkles of growth, revolving 

 impressed lines, and a series of minute granulations running obli- 

 quely, sometimes almost perpendicularly, to the incremental wrin- 

 kles." This is an important observation. 



This description and remarks are copied in Binney's Manual, pp. 

 149-150. There is a typographical error on p. 150 where he says 

 that Forbes' original figure is copied in Terr. Moll. V; the reference 

 should be to Vol. IV; PI. LXXVI, fig. 12. 



Without attempting to give a full bibliography it is only necessary 

 to say that Cooper, Gabb, Newcomb, Carpenter, Stearns and Hemp- 

 hill have all written on the subject in various publications. 



Gabb published the description of Helix stearnsiana in Am. Jour. 

 Conch. Ill, 235, PI. 16, fig. 1. He gave the number of whorls as 

 5^, but did not state the size. The type is in the collection of the 

 Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia. 



Binney and Bland in L. & F.-W. Sh., I, 177, changed Gabbs' 

 description somewhat, giving the number of whorls as 5 and adding 

 the size 22 x 17 x 12 mm. This attitude must be the length of the 

 axis, as the flattest shell that I have seen is 15^ mm. high, a single 

 specimen, while the others run from 16 to 21^ mm. 



In Terr. Moll. V, 862, Binney repeated the description of L. & 

 F-W. Sh. adding notes on the anatomy and comparing with that of 



