THE NAUTILUS. ol 
as he did, that all phenomena of living organisms could be explained 
by the laws of mechanics. He was one of the foremost of mechanical 
evolutionists. 
His chief writings and papers embrace “ The Inheritance of Mod- 
ifications Due to Disturbances of the Early Stages of Development, 
Especially to the Japanese Domesticated Races of Golden Carp ;” 
“ Dynamics in Evolution ;” “The Mechanical Genesis of the Form 
of the Fowl’s Egg ;” “A Physiological Hypothesis of Heredity and 
Variation ;” “ The Origin of Sex Through Cumulative Integration, 
and the Relation of Sexuality to the Genesis of Species ;” “ On the 
Mechanical Genesis of the Scales of Fishes ;” “The Sturgeons and 
Sturgeon Industries of the Eastern Coast of the United States, etc. ;” 
“The Development of the Common Sturgeon ;” “ Evolution of the 
Specialized Vertebral Axes of the Higher Types;” “A Physiologi- 
cal Theory of the Calcification of the Skeleton,” and “ The Origin 
and Meaning of Sex.” 
Dr. McFarlane, speaking of Dr. Ryder, said : “ He was, undoubt- 
edly, one of the three greatest embryologists. His true worth was 
not known by the public, but the scientists with whom he was asso- 
ciated readily appreciated his great genius. His relations with his 
friends, colleagues and students were marked by a simplicity, earn- 
estness and straightforwardness of purpose that endeared him to all. 
He enjoyed a profound reputation in Europe, and the news of his 
death will call forth the deepest sympathy from friends of science 
everywhere.” 
DR. W. S. W. RUSCHENBERGER. 
Dr. William 8. W. Ruschenberger, the eminent naval surgeon 
and scientist, died March 29, at his home, 1932 Chestnut Street, 
Philadelphia, in his 88th year. 
Dr. Ruschenberger was one of the most widely known members 
of his profession in this country. He was born in Cumberland 
County, New Jersey, September 4, 1807. After receiving an 
academic education in Philadelphia and New York schools, he en- 
tered the medical service of the United States Navy as a surgeon’s 
mate, August 10, 1826. 
He was commissioned a surgeon in the navy April 4, 1851, and 
from 1835 to 1837 was Fleet Surgeon to the East India Squadron, 
with which he cireumnayigated the globe. In 1840-42, Dr. Rusch- 
