. 
, 
THE NAUTILUS. 119 
ing to Baker). White’s species may hereafter be known as 
Tortacella wyoningensis. To disturb a name so well known is 
regrettable. 
Paludina subglobosa Emmons, 1858, from the Tertiary of 
North Carolina, is preoccupied by P. subglobosa Say, 1825. 
The type of Emmons’ species is lost and the figure too poor for 
definite generic reference. Indeed, it may even be marine. 
However, it may sometime be recovered, and as there is no way 
of eliminating it from the published literature and it must be 
included in any complete list of described species, it should 
perhaps haveaname. It may be known as Vivipara ? emmonsi. 
Conrad identified it with V. glabra, which is very doubtful. 
Dall, (Contrib. Tert. Fauna Fla., 1892, p. 277) says Compso- 
pleura trinodosa Conrad=Scalaria trigemmata Conrad, ‘‘ which is 
a Goniobasis.’’ Harris (Bull. Amer. Paleont., III, No. 11, p. 
71) places trigemmata in Melania, says probably related to 
** Terebra’’ plicifera (the quotation marks are Harris’s), and 
omits trinodosa from the synonymy. I have not at hand the 
means for determining whether trigemmata is a Melania or a 
Goniobasis, if, indeed, it can be determined. If Dall is correct 
in referring it to Goniobasis, and if Harris is correct in suppos- 
ing that it is related to T. plicifera Heilp., a Tertiary fossil, then 
it would follow that the latter is also a Goniobasis, in which 
case its specific name would be preoccupied by Melania=Gonio- 
basis plicifera Lea, a recent species, unless the latter should be 
removed to some other genus, as Hannibal has done. The 
easiest way out of the dilemma is to leave trigemmata in Melania, 
where Harris placed it. I pass the puzzle on to the next fellow, 
with these clues as a starter. 
Limnaea (Polyrhytis) kingii Meek, 1877, was described from 
beds designated as ‘‘ probably Miocene,’’? in Cache Valley, 
Utah. I had supposed these beds to be Pleistocene, and Han- 
nibal has suggested the same thing, but Dr. T. W. Stanton 
writes me that they are now generally considered Pliocene, or 
at least older than the Lake Bonneville beds, because they are 
more disturbed, though I believe Lake Bonneville extended 
into Cache Valley during its greatest expansion. I believe that 
Radix ampla var. utahensis Call, 1884, is a synonym of Lymnaea 
