THE NAUTILUS. 112 
separate from the rest and put six of them (those which I could 
see seemed to have embryonic shells within) in separate vials 
and numbered the animals and their shells to correspond. The 
rest I preserved en masse. 
Unfortunately I did not keep the animals of the banded P. 
dubia, so I cannot send you any of them. It might be well to 
note here that the A. /. meineckei seemed to be much darker, 
even to a purplish appearance in some cases, when alive and 
after drowning, but appeared very much lighter immediately 
after the animal was pulled, due no doubt to the color of the 
animal, as the shells are very thin. 
NOTES ON CRASPEDOPOMA LUCIDUM, LOWE AND OTHER MADEIRA 
SNAILS. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. 
In the Madeira Islands there is only one genus of Cyclosto- 
moid shells, Craspedopoma. It is represented by four species, 
all described by Lowe, living to-day only on the main island of 
Madeira. One of them, C. lucidum Lowe, is common to the 
fossil beds east of Canical, Madeira, and is said to occur fossil 
on the Southern Desert Island and on Porto Santo. Wollas- 
ton is very explicit about the Porto Santo records, citing three 
localities, and remarking that the specimens are rather small. 
I could not find any trace of it there, and Mr. A. C. de Noronha 
and the Rev. Drummond Paterson, who have collected much 
more extensively, have also failed to find it. Near Canical, in 
Madeira, it occurs in the well-known beds along with Plebecula 
bowditchiana (Fér.), Geomitra delphinula (Lowe) and many other 
shells. These shells are cited by Wollaston as ‘‘subfossil’’, 
but they are properly regarded as fossils, and by all available 
criteria should be Pleistocene, perhaps Lower Pleistocene. 
Several of the forms are extinct, and the representatives of some 
of the living species are appreciably different from their de- 
scendants. Thus the common Leptaxis undata (Lowe), found 
in quantity fossil, mixed with P. bowditchiana, is larger than 
ordinary living specimens. It may be regarded as a distinct 
