12 - 



8/ Keeling, CD., et al. , 1976. "Atmospheric carbon dioxide 

 variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii." Tellus , 28, 

 and Rotty, Ralph, 1979. "Energy demand and global climate," 

 in Man's Impact on Climate , Wilfred Bach, et al., eds. New 

 York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing. 



9/ World Meteorological Organization, op. cit. 



10 / Seidel, Stephen and Dale Keyes, 1983. Can We Delay A 



Greenhouse Warming ? Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental 

 Protection Agency. These authors demonstrate that strong 

 efforts to curtail fossil fuel growth, such as a tax that 

 guadruples the costs of these fuels, will delay the increase 

 in emission levels and temperature rise by only a few years. 

 An unconventional counterview that argues that it is theo- 

 retically possible to reverse the growth is provided in 

 Lovins, A., et al., 1981. Least Cost Energy . Andover, 

 Mass: Brick House Publishing Company. 



11 / Keeling, CD., op. cit., and Rotty, R. , op. cit. 



12 / Chlorof luorocarbons will have two effects on climate. 



Their radiative effect will be warming. Although ozone 

 absorbs infrared radiation, the depletion of ozone in the 

 upper stratosphere by CFCs will have a slight warming 

 effect; the increased incoming ultraviolet radiation will 

 be greater than the increased outgoing infrared radiation. 

 Other perturbants, such as nitrogen oxides from airplanes, 

 may increase ozone in the lower stratosphere, which because 

 of pressure broadening, would make ozone a better infrared 

 obsorber, thus making increases at this lower altitude pro- 

 duce a net warming. Although the total temperature effect 

 of the changes in stratospheric ozone are still uncertain, 

 the warming contributed by this factor may be significant. 

 See Wuebbles, D. , 1983. "Effect of coupled anthropogenic 

 perturbations on stratospheric ozone," Journal of Geophysical 

 Research . 88 :C2 : 1444-1456 . 



13 / Charney, J., op. cit., and Smagornisky, J., op. cit. It 

 is estimated that the oceans take several decades to feel 

 the full effect of atmospheric warming. Thus, much of 

 the equilbirium warming from greenhouse gases added to 

 the atmosphere in the 1970s has not yet occurred. 



14 / Flohn, H., 1981. Life on a Warmer Earth . Laxenburg , 

 Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems 

 Analysis . 



15 / Hansen, James E., A. Lacis, and D. Rind, 1983. op. cit. 



16 / Hansen, James E. , A. Lacis, and D. Rind, 1981. "Climate 



impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide," Science . 

 213:4511:957-66. 



