- 36 - 



6. Broecker, Wallace Smith, and Tsung-Hung Peng, 1982. 

 Tracers in the Sea . Palisades, N.Y.: Lamont - Doherty 

 Geological Observatory, Columbia University. 



7. Ibid. 



8. Gibbs, Michael, Current and Future CFC Production and Use , 

 Wasnington, D.C. : ICF, 1983. 



9. Weiss, R.F., Keeling, CD., and Craig, H. , "The Determi- 

 nation of Tropospheric Nitrous Oxide," Journal of 

 Geophysical Research , Vol. 86, No. 68, August 20, 1981, 

 pp. 7197-7202. 



10. Rasmussen, R.A. , Khalil, M.A.K., "Increase in the 

 Concentration of Atmospheric Methane" Atmospheric 

 Environment , Vol. 15, No. 5, 1981, pp. 883-886. 



11. Lacis, A., personal communication, October, 1983. 



12. Cloud responses would affect the total amplification 

 because cloud cover, heights, and their optical properties 

 (the amount of sunlight they reflect) could influence 



and change the radiation balance and the earth's 

 temperature positively or negatively. 



13. Hansen, James E. , et al. 1981., "Climate impact of increasing 

 atmospheric carbon dioxide." Science . 213:4511:957-66. 



The equation was modified by A. Lacis to allow the trace 

 gases to be considered. A box diffusion model portrays 

 the ocean as a column of water and treats the movement of 

 heat as a passive tracer. The GISS group adpoted the 

 model from Oeschger, H. , et al., 1975. Tellus . 27:168. 



14. Broecker, Wallace Smith, Tsung-Hung Peng, and R. Engh, 1980. 

 "Modeling the carbon system," Radiocarbon . 22 : 3 : 565 :-98 . 



15. For example, an article in Newsweek , ("Is Antarctica 

 Shrinking", October 5, 1981) focused solely on the rise 

 in sea level that might be caused by ice transfers, 

 completely ignoring thermal expansion. 



16. Manabe, Sykuro, and Richard T. Wetherald, 1975. "The 

 effects of doubling the C0 2 concentration on the climate 



of a general circulation model." Journal of the Atmospheric 

 Sciences . 32:1:3. 



Hansen, James, E., et. al., 1983. "Efficient three-dimensional 

 global models for climate studies: models I and II." 

 Monthly Weather Review . 111:4:609:62. 



