1 . The application of full names and/or titles of persons is not 

 considered appropriate. Titles will be translated where their 

 use is required. 



2. The names of organizations, ships, and other nonpersonal 

 names, when unduly long and cumbersome, will ordinarily 

 be used in some shortened though intelligible form. 



3. English generics are preferred. Complete translation of names 

 will generally be avoided, but well established translated 

 forms may be accepted. 



4. An English generic may be added, or may be substituted 

 for a foreign generic term, in the case of nonpersonal, non- 

 English, single-word names that include a generic or a def- 

 inite article, or both. 



5. Board-approved romanization systems are used to transli- 

 terate names from nonroman writing systems. 



Inappropriate names 



Names in the following categories will not be considered, un- 

 less otherwise appropriate according to the principles stated 

 herein, or unless such names are widely and firmly established 

 as of the date of approval of these principles. 



1 . Names suggested because of relationship or friendship 



2. Names of contributors of funds, equipment, and supplies, 

 who by the nature and tone of their advertising have en- 

 deavored to capitalize or to gain some commercial advan- 

 tage as a result of their donations. This would not include 

 advantages resulting from testing of donated equipment un- 

 der antarctic conditions; in cases of doubt, the decision shall 

 be in favor of the individual whose name has been proposed 



3. Names of products, sled dogs, or pets ordinarily will not 

 be considered appropriate 



Approval of new names 



Proposals for new names are welcomed. Such proposals should 

 be accompanied by full information about the name, the reasons 

 for its choice, and a definitive description of the feature. The 

 proposal should include a filled out copy of the form that 

 appears in this volume. Copies may be obtained from the U.S. 

 Board on Geographic Names, or the form may be copied from 

 this book. 



The antarctic names policy of the Board has been utilitarian 

 and durable, remaining essentially unchanged over the years. 

 The names approved by the Board since enunciation of the 

 policy in 1947 have conformed with its letter and spirit. In the 

 "criteria of appropriateness" section above, item 1 .b, the re- 

 quirement for direct association between a feature and the hon- 

 oree, has been relaxed somewhat to enable recognition of persons 

 who have worked in isolated outposts such as Siple or South 

 Pole Stations where few nameable features exist. 



In the application of personal names the approval of surnames 

 only, instead of full names, has been reaffirmed. Moreover, 

 the Committee has shortened a number of toponyms it origi- 

 nated that previously included both a given name and a sur- 

 name. While upholding the general preference for surnames, 

 the Committee has recommended the approval of a given name 

 in unusual situations, or to avoid the application of identical 

 toponyms. 



In summary, the following list of 12,362 decisions, constituting 

 the bulk of all names known to have been applied or proposed 

 in the Antarctic, and including all of the controversial ones, 

 reflects a conviction that an orderly nomenclature is desirable 

 and is largely attainable by objective application of the guiding 

 principles. The list is the result of nearly five decades of effort 

 and broadly reflects the history of antarctic exploration. Further 

 information is needed on the nature and the precise location 

 of some features already named. Continuing expeditions and 

 research can be expected to result in additional names to be 

 incorporated through the developed procedures for the main- 

 tenance of orderly nomenclature in Antarctica. 



XI 



