GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



1820-21. British sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. William Smith. Ship: Williams. 

 Summary: Carried on sealing operations in the 

 South Shetlands. 



1820-21. British sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Robert Fildes. Ship: Unknown. 

 Summary: Carried on sealing operations in the 

 South Shetlands. 



1820-21. British sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Captain McFarlane. Ship: Dragon. 

 Summary: Carried on sealing operations in the 

 South Shetland Islands, principally on the north 

 side of Livingston Island. 



1820-22. British sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. George Powell. Ship: Dove. 

 Summary: Charted north side of South Shetland 

 Islands. Made joint sealing cruise with Capt. 

 Nathaniel B. Palmer, resulting in discovery and 

 charting of South Orkney Islands, December 1821. 

 The names on Powell's map of the South Shetland 

 and South Orkney Islands, because of their early 

 publication in 1822 and wide distribution, have 

 been more widely accepted than those on later 

 maps of contemporary explorers. 



1821-22. United States sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Benjamin Pendleton. Ships: Frederick, 

 Alabama Packet, Express, Free Gift, James Monroe 

 and Hero. 



Summary: Sponsored by Edmund Fanning, Wil- 

 liam A. Fanning and Benjamin Pendleton. Car- 

 ried on sealing operations in the South Shetland 

 Islands from Deception Island. Because of scar- 

 city of seals, beaches, especially on King George, 

 Clarence and Elephant Islands were extensively 

 explored by Capt. Benjamin Cutler, Free Gift, 

 Capt. Nathaniel B. Palmer, James Monroe, and 

 Capt. Harris Pendleton, Hero. Capt. Harris Pen- 

 dleton in the Hero appears to have skirted the 

 Palmer Peninsula on a southwesterly cruise from 

 Deception Island in November 1821, and then 

 sailed northwestward to Smith Island. Captain 

 Palmer in the James Monroe met Captain Powell in 

 the South Shetlands, and with him made a joint 

 cruise eastward in December 1821 on which the 

 South Orkney Islands were discovered and mapped. 

 Evidence suggests that Palmer also made a cruise 

 along the coast of the Palmer Peninsula. 



1821-22. United States sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. John Davis. Ships: Huron and 

 Cecilia. 



Summary: Carried on sealing in the South Shet- 

 land Islands. 



1821-22. British sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. James Weddell. Ship: Jane. 

 Summary: Visited South Orkney and South Shet- 

 land Islands. 



1821-22. United States sealing expedition. 

 Leaders: Captains Benjamin Morrell and Robert 

 Johnson. Ships : Wasp and Jane Maria. 

 Summary : Sponsored by James Byers of New York. 

 Sailed separately for sealing in the South Shetland 

 Islands. Returned in company. 



1822-23. United States sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Benjamin Morrell. Ship: Wasp. 

 Summary: Sailed from New York to Bouvet0ya to 

 Kerguelen Islands to 64°52'S., 118°27'W. Sailed 

 west to South Sandwich Islands, from whence 

 Weddell Sea was penetrated to reported 70°14'S., 

 40°03' W. Retired northward. 



1822-24. British sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. James Weddell. Ships: Jane and 

 Beaufoy. 



Summary: Matthew Brisbane in the Beaufoy 

 roughly charted the south coast of South Orkney 

 Islands. Weddell penetrated Weddell Sea to re- 

 ported 74°15'S., 34°17'W. South Georgia visited, 

 thence north to Falkland Islands for wintering. 

 Visited and charted South Shetland Islands before 

 returning home via Tierra del Fuego. Weddell's 

 narrative, including a map of the South Shetlands, 

 was published in 1825. 



1824-25. British sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Edward Hughes. Ship: Sprightly. 

 Summary: Sealing operations in South Shetland 

 Islands. Hughes Bay along west coast of Palmer 

 Peninsula was roughly charted by James Hoseason, 

 first mate. 



1828-31. British expedition. 



Leader: Capt. Henry Foster, RN. Ship: Chanti- 

 cleer. 



Summary: Government sponsored scientific expe- 

 dition. Magnetic and pendulum observations in 

 South Shetland Islands, especially at Deception 

 Island. Approached the north end of Palmer 

 Archipelago, producing rough chart of this area. 



1829-31. United States expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Benjamin Pendleton. Ships: Ser- 

 aph, Annawan, and Penguin. 

 Summary: Sponsored by Edmund Fanning, Ben- 

 jamin Pendleton and public subscription. Com- 

 bined sealing operations and scientific observa- 

 tions. The Annawan, Capt. Nathaniel B. Palmer, 

 and the Penguin, Capt. Alexander S. Palmer, car- 

 ried on sealing at Elephant Island and westward in 

 the South Shetland Islands during January and 



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