GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



February 1830. The two vessels sailed westward 

 on February 22, holding a course between 62°S. and 

 58-S. as far as 103°W., in an unsuccessful search of 

 islands reported by Captains Swain, Gardiner and 

 Macy. James Eights, geologist from Albany and 

 the first American scientist to visit the Antarctic, 

 was aboard the Annawan. He made remarkably 

 accurate observations on the South Shetland 

 Islands, pubhshed in 1833, and from evidence on 

 the western cruise, surmised the existence of an 

 extensive land area to the south. Meanwhile, Cap- 

 tain Pendleton in the Seraph made an independent 

 voyage to the west from the South Shetland 

 Islands, reaching as far as 101°W. south of 60°S. 



1829-31. United States sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. James Brown. Ship: Pacific. 

 Summary: Sealing operations carried on at South 

 Georgia from December 1829 to March 1830. Vis- 

 ited north part of South Sandwich Islands in De- 

 cember 1830, making a landing on Zavodovski 

 Island. 



1830-32. British expedition. 



Leader: Capt. John Biscoe. Ships: Tula and 

 Lively. 



Summary: Made a circumnavigation, beginning in 

 Falkland Islands. Land was discovered at Cape 

 Ann, Enderby Land. Wintered in Hobart, Tas- 

 mania. Returned south and proceeded eastward 

 without sighting land until the peaks of Adelaide 

 Island were viewed from a distance. Landed in 

 Palmer Archipelago, probably at Anvers Island. 

 Sailed north to Falkland Islands. 



1831. Australian sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Samuel Harvey. Ship: Venus. 

 Summary: Sent out from Hobart, January 9, 1831, 

 by Capt. J. Kelly to carry on sealing and whaling 

 operations in the vicinity of Macquarie Island. 

 Ship penetrated to 70°S., apparently in entrance 

 to Ross Sea. Returned to Sydney December 31, 

 1831. 



1833-34. British expedition. 



Leader: Lt. Henry Rea, RN. Ships: Hopeful and 

 Rose. 



Summary: Sent out by Enderby Brothers to con- 

 tinue Biscoe's explorations. A proposed westward 

 circumnavigation was abandoned when the Hope- 

 ful was crushed west of South Shetland Islands. 



1833-34. British expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Peter Kemp. Ship: Magnet. 

 Summary: Sent out by Enderby Brothers, Kemp 

 sailed south from Kerguelen Islands sighting land 

 in vicinity of Kemp Coast. 



1837-40. French expedition. 



Leader: Capt. Dumont D'Urville. Ships: Astro- 

 labe and Zelee. 



Summary: Sponsored by Ministry of Marine. 

 During the 1837-38 season D'Urville sailed from 

 Cape Horn across outermost part of Weddell Sea, 

 thence north to South Orkney Islands before sail- 

 ing southwest to South Shetland Islands and north 

 tip of Palmer Peninsula. Moved to Pacific Ocean, 

 March 1838. Returned from Oceania to the Ant- 

 arctic in January 1840, exploring south of 60°S. 

 between 125°E. and 145°E. Discovered Adelie 

 Coast and made a landing on a small islet group 

 close off coast. Discovered Clarie Coast before re- 

 tiring north. 



1839. British expedition. 



Leader: Capt. John Balleny. Ships: Eliza Scott 



and Sabrina. 



Summary : Sent out by Enderby Brothers, Balleny 



sailed from New Zealand to Antarctic Circle at 



178°E. Moved southwest to discover Balleny 



Islands, thence west toward Sabrina Coast, where 



"appearance of land" was noted. Retired north at 



93°E. 



1838-42. United States Exploring Expedition. 

 Leader: Lt. Charles Wilkes, USN. Ships: Vin- 

 cennes, Peacock, Porpoise, Sea Gidl, Flying Fish 

 and Relief. 



Summary: Sponsored by United States Navy with 

 congressional appropriation.- Squadron split in 

 Tierra del Fuego, February 1839, one group going 

 south and east via South Shetland Islands to Louis 

 Philippe Peninsula; the other sailing southwest to 

 a point off Thurston Peninsula, seeing no land. 

 Work in Pacific Ocean followed. Ships returned 

 to the Antarctic, December 1839, and sailed west 

 along coast of Wilkes Land, charting a series of 

 landfalls for some 1,500 miles between about 160°E. 

 and 98°E. In this voyage Wilkes established the 

 existence of an Antarctic land mass of continental 

 proportions. Ships retired north February 21, 

 1840. 



1839-43. British expedition. 



Leader: Capt. James Clark Ross, RN. Ships: 

 Erebus and Terror. 



Summary: Sponsored by British Admiralty, with 

 cooperation of British Association and Royal So- 

 ciety. Sailed south from Hobart to Cape Adare, 

 discovering Ross Sea and Victoria Land, thence 

 east along Ross Ice Shelf. Returned to Cape 

 Adare and continued west, skirting cbast to about 

 140°E. Wintered in Australian waters, returning 

 to Ross Sea in December 1841. Sailed north, then 

 east to Falkland Islands, arriving in April 1842. 

 Season of 1842-43 spent exploring Erebus and 



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