GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



Discovery freed in 1904 and sailed north via Bal- 

 leny Islands, thence west along Oates Coast and 

 north to New Zealand. 



1902-3. British relief expedition. 

 Leader: Lt. William Colbeck, RNR. Ship: Morn- 

 ing. 



Summary: Relief expedition for British National 

 Antarctic Expedition at Ross Island. Scott Island 

 discovered enroute from New Zealand. 



1902-4. Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. 

 Leader: Dr. William S. Bruce. Ship: Scotia. 

 Summary: Sponsored by Coats family and other 

 private donors. Sailed southeast from Falkland 

 Islands to South Orkney Islands, thence east 

 toward South Sandwich Islands and south to 

 70°25'S., 17°12'W., where the pack forced a retreat 

 February 22, 1903 to winter quarters in South 

 Orkney Islands. Laurie Island charted. Sailed 

 southeast into Weddell Sea February 14, 1904; 

 Coats Land discovered March 6, but landing im- 

 possible. Retreated northward. 



1903. Argentine relief expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Julian Irizar. Ship: Uruguay. 

 Summary: Dispatched by Argentine government; 

 sailed south to Snow Hill Island, relieving shore 

 party of Swedish Antarctic Expedition November 

 8, and rescuing ship party on Paulet Island No- 

 vember 10. 



1903-4. British relief expedition. 

 Leader: Lt. William Colbeck, RNR. Ships: Morn- 

 ing and Terra Nova. 



Summary: Relief expedition for British National 

 Antarctic Expedition at Ross Island. Aided in 

 freeing the Discovery. 



1903-5. French Antarctic Expedition. 

 Leader: Dr. Jean B. Charcot. Ship: Franqais. 

 Summary: Financed by Charcot, government 

 grant, and private contributions. Sailed from 

 Falkland Islands to South Shetland Islands, thence 

 south along west coast of Palmer Peninsula. 

 Palmer Archipelago charted; wintered there at 

 Port Charcot, Booth Island. Sailed south Decem- 

 ber 25, 1904; Biscoe Islands roughly charted and 

 Loubet Coast discovered. Alexander I Island 

 sighted before turning north to South Shetland 

 Islands. 



1904. Argentine expedition. 



Leader: Cdr. Ismael F. Galindez. Ship: Uruguay. 

 Summary: Sponsored by Argentine government; 

 took over meteorological station at Laurie Island 

 in South Orkney Islands. Station continuously 

 operated since 1904 by annual Argentine relief 

 parties. 



1904-5. Norwegian-Argentine whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. C. A. Larsen, manager. Ships: For- 

 tuna, Louisa, Rolf and Guardia Nacional. 

 Summary: Financed by Compahia Argentina de 

 Pesca; engaged in whaling in vicinity of South 

 Georgia. Established first whaling station in 

 South Georgia at Grytviken. 



1905-6. Norwegian whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Alexander Lange, manager. Ship: Admi- 

 ralen. 



Summary: Visit of first floating factory, the Ad- 

 miralen, to South Shetland Islands marked begin- 

 ning of Norwegian whaling industry in the Ant- 

 arctic and increased tempo of whaling activity in 

 southern waters. 



1906. British expedition. 



Leader: Capt. M. H. Hodges, RN. Ship: Sappho. 

 Summary: Sent by British Admiralty to investi- 

 gate whaling situation at South Georgia. Charted 

 portions of Cumberland Bay. 



1907-9. British Antarctic Expedition. 

 Leader: Lt. Ernest H. Shackleton, RNR. Ship: 

 Nimrod. 



Summary: Sponsored by Sir William Beardmore, 

 the Misses Dawson-Lambton, and other private 

 and public donors. Sailed south from New Zealand 

 January 1908, entering Ross Sea and skirting Ross 

 Ice Shelf eastward to Bay of Whales. Failing 

 to reach Edward VII Peninsula, returned to Cape 

 Royds, Ross Island, and set up winter base. Short 

 geological trips made from base, including scaling 

 of Mount Erebus. South Pole journey begun Octo- 

 ber 29, 1908, southward on Ross Ice Shelf, ascend- 

 ing polar plateau via Beardmore Glacier. Lack of 

 rations forced retreat from 88°23'S., 97 miles from 

 pole, January 9, 1909. Another journey made 

 north to Drygalski Ice Tongue, thence northwest 

 on Victoria Land plateau, locating magnetic pole 

 at 72°25'S., 155°16'E. Ferrar and Taylor Glaciers 

 explored. Ship returned in January from winter- 

 ing in New Zealand; entire expedition embarked 

 March 4, 1909. 



1908-10. Second French Antarctic Expedition. 

 Leader: Dr. Jean B. Charcot. Ship: Pourquoi- 

 Pas?. 



Summary: Financed by government grant-in-aid 

 with support and contributions of learned societies, 

 government bureaus, and public and private do- 

 nors. Sailed south from Punta Arenas to Palmer 

 Archipelago via South Shetland Islands, thence 

 south along west coast of Palmer Peninsula to 

 beyond Adelaide Island. Marguerite Bay and Fal- 

 lieres Coast discovered and area charted. Re- 

 turned north to winter on Petermann Island, from 

 whence short journeys were made onto Palmer 



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