GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



Peninsula. Left winter base for Deception Island 

 November 26, 1909, where ship was coaled; Decep- 

 tion Island and Admiralty Bay, King George Island 

 charted. Returned south; Charcot Island discov- 

 ered and Alexander I Island sighted. Continued 

 west across Bellingshausen Sea south of Antarctic 

 Circle to beyond 120 "W. before turning northward. 



1910. British expedition. 

 Leader: Unknown. Ship: Wakefield. 

 Summary: Searched for survivors of Australian 

 liner Waratah. Lt. H. W. T. R. Seymour, RN, and 

 four naval ratings lent by British Admiralty, car- 

 ried out hydrographic observations in visits to 

 Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard and Mc- 

 Donald Islands. 



1910. British-Norwegian sealing expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Anton Evensen. Ship: Mangoro. 

 Summary: A landing was made on Heard Island 

 March 25, 1910. 



1910-12. Norwegian expedition. 

 Leader: Roald Amundsen. Ship: Fram. 

 Summary: Sponsored by Don Pedro Christopher- 

 sen and other private donors; Fram lent by Nor- 

 wegian government. Sailed from Norway via 

 Madeira to Bay of Whales in Ross Ice Shelf, arriv- 

 ing January 14, 1911. Before winter set in, quar- 

 ters were built and depots laid for next season's 

 South Pole journey. Led by Amundsen, polar 

 party left base October 19, 1911, sledging south 

 on Ross Ice Shelf, ascending polar plateau via 

 Axel Heiberg Glacier, and reaching vicinity of 

 South Pole on December 14, 1911. December 15 

 occupied taking numerous astronomical observa- 

 tions indicating party's position as 89°55'S. Next 

 day party continued south and on December 16 

 and 17 took 24 hourly observations with satisfac- 

 tion that position attained was as near South Pole 

 as could be determined by instruments available. 

 Return journey begun December 17, reaching Bay 

 of Whales January 25, 1912. Meanwhile, Lt. K. 

 Prestrud left base on November 7, 1911, sledged 

 south to 80°S., thence east to about 158°W., thence 

 north to edge of Ross Ice Shelf from where he 

 traveled northeastward to Scott Nunataks. He 

 returned to base December 15, 1911. Bay of 

 Whales later charted. Following oceanographic 

 work in south Atlantic Ocean during winter of 



1911, the Fram returned to Bay of Whales and 

 expedition left January 29, 1912. 



1910-13. British Antarctic Expedition. 



Leader: Capt. Robert F. Scott, RN. Ship: Terra 



Nova. 



Summary: Financed by private contributions with 



support of Royal Geographical Society. Sailed 



from New Zealand, reaching Ross Island January 3, 



1911, where main base was set up on Cape Evans. 

 After cruise to Bay of Whales and back, northern 

 party was left on Cape Adare for winter; Terra 

 Nova proceeded to New Zealand, discovering Oates 

 Coast enroute. Remainder of season at main base 

 occupied laying depots for polar journey. After 

 preliminary journeys, which opened the 1911-12 

 season, polar party headed south via Ross Ice Shelf 

 and Beardmore Glacier, with two supporting 

 parties. Reached South Pole January 17, 1912, 

 but Scott and four companions succumbed on re- 

 turn journey. Northern party charted Robertson 

 Bay area before being removed by the Terra Nova, 

 January 1912, to Terra Nova Bay where they were 

 marooned during winter of 1912. From there the 

 party sledged south to Ross Island. Meanwhile, 

 geological party under Griffith Taylor explored 

 McMurdo Sound region. Part of expedition re- 

 turned home in 1912 and, after finding bodies of 

 the polar party, remainder embarked on the 

 Terra Nova January 1913. 



1911-12, Japanese expedition. 

 Leader: Lt. Choku Shirase. Ship: Kainan Maru. 

 Summary: Sponsored by Count Okuma. From 

 Japan to Ross Sea via New Zealand, sighting Ad- 

 miralty Range March 6, 1911. On March 12, 

 forced by ice to retreat northward from 74°16'S., 

 172°07'E., southeast of Coulman Island. Win- 

 tered in Sydney, from which they departed Novem- 

 ber 19, 1911, reaching Cape Adare January 3, 1912. 

 Sailed southeastward and landed at Kainan Bay 

 January 16. Then landed at Bay of Whales, from 

 where 160-mile journey was made southeast on 

 Ross Ice Shelf to 80°05'S., 156°37'W. Meanwhile, 

 ship sailed east to 76°06'S., 151°20'W., off Edward 

 VII Peninsula. From 76°56'S., 155°55'W., a party 

 landed for sledge trip to edge of Alexandra Moun- 

 tains. Okuma Bay visited on return to Bay of 

 Whales, from where expedition embarked Febru- 

 ary 4. 



1911-12. German Antarctic Expedition. 

 Leader: Dr. Wilhelm Filchner. Ship: Deutschland. 

 Summary: Sponsored by government grant and 

 private contributions. From Germany to South 

 Georgia via Buenos Aires, with oceanographic 

 work enroute. Scientific work in South Georgia. 

 Made survey among South Sandwich Islands. Left 

 South Georgia for Weddell Sea December 11, 1911. 

 Luitpold Coast discovered January 30, 1912. Ship 

 stopped by Filchner Ice Shelf in 77°45'S. Attempts 

 to erect base on ice failed when ice broke up dur- 

 ing process. Depots laid on land ice February 24, 

 and short reconnaissance journey made. Deutsch- 

 land frozen in March 6, and began to drift with 

 the ice on March 15. Ship drifted for nine months 

 and 600 miles until freed November 26, 1912, in 

 63°37'S., 36°34'W. Returned to South Georgia. 



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