GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



1920. British expedition. 

 Leader: H. W. W. Hope. Ship: Dartmouth. 

 Summary: Sent out by British Admiralty; visited 

 King Edward Cove, South Georgia. Made sketch 

 of Cumberland Bay area. Sighted Shag Rocks. 



1921-22. British expedition. 



Leader: J. L. Cope. Ships: Various whaling ves- 

 sels. 



Summary: Financed by private enterprise and 

 aided by Norwegian whalers who furnished pas- 

 sage. Party of four assembled at Deception Island. 

 Ice conditions preventing a landing at Hope Bay, 

 the whalers landed the party, January 12, 1921, 

 near Andvord Bay on west coast of Palmer Penin- 

 sula. Two of party returned home, but T. W. Bag- 

 shawe and M. C. Lester spent winter there. They 

 unsuccessfully sought route across Palmer Penin- 

 sula. Made meteorological, tidal, and natural his- 

 tory observations. Bagshawe and Lester picked 

 up by Capt. O. Anderson in the Svend Foyn I, 

 January 13, 1922. 



1921-22. British expedition. 

 Leader: Sir Ernest Shackleton. Ship: Quest. 

 Summary: Financed by John Q. Rowett. Arrived 

 at South Georgia January 4, 1922, via Lisbon and 

 Rio de Janeiro. Shackleton died at South Georgia 

 and Frank Wild assumed command. The Quest 

 left January 17, 1922, sailing east to Zavodovski 

 Island in South Sandwich Islands, thence east and 

 southeastward until stopped by pack in 69°17'S., 

 17°09'E., February 12, 1922. Pack then skirted 

 west-northwestward to Elephant Island where a 

 running survey was conducted before returning to 

 South Georgia, April 6. Scientific investigations 

 made throughout cruise. 



1923-24. Norwegian whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. C. A. Larsen. Ships: Sir James 

 Clark Ross, accompanied by Star I and four other 

 whale catchers. 



Summary: First whaling expedition to Ross Sea. 

 Finding the Bay of Whales unsuitable, the factory 

 ship remained at Discovery Inlet, from December 

 31, 1923 to March 8, 1924, while the Star I skirted 

 Ross Ice Shelf and coast of Victoria Land from 

 McMurdo Sound to Robertson Bay. 



1923-24. British whaling expedition. 



Leaders: Soren Beckman and Gustav Mathisen. 



Ships: Whale catchers attached to the Sevilla and 



Roald Amundsen. 



Summary: Sent out by Charles Salveson and Co. of 



Leith, Scotland. Beckmann, operating with the 



factory ship Sevilla, and Mathisen, with the factory 



Roald Amundsen, independently pushed south 



along west coast of Palmer Peninsula to Fallieres 



Coast in attempt to find safe harbor for their float- 



ing factories. Both thought they observed a trans- 

 verse strait connecting with Weddell Sea. 



1924-25. Norwegian whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. C. A. Larsen. Ships: .Sir James 

 Clark Ross and whale catchers. 

 Summary: Whaling carried on in Ross Sea, where 

 Captain Larsen died. 



1925. Discovery Investigations (British). 

 Leader: N. A. Mackintosh. 



Summary: The Discovery Committee established 

 a marine station with well-equipped biological 

 laboratory at Grytviken, South Georgia in Janu- 

 ary 1925. Laboratory work conducted each whal- 

 ing season until 1931; staff periodically relieved. 

 Survey of South Georgia harbors and anchorages 

 carried out from this laboratory in the period 

 1926-30 under direction of Lt. Cdr. J. M. Chaplin, 

 RN. 



1925-26. Discovery Investigation (British). 

 Leader: Dr. Stanley Kemp. Ship: Discovery. 

 Summary: Left Cape Town, January 17, 1926, for 

 South Georgia where two months were spent in 

 biological and hydrographical surveying of whal- 

 ing grounds. Ship proceeded to Falkland Islands 

 April 17, later returning to Cape Town. Scientific 

 work conducted throughout cruise. 



1925-26. German expedition. 

 Leader: Dr. Alfred Merz. Ship: Meteor. 

 Summary: Sponsored oy Emergency Fund for Ger- 

 man Science, Dr. F. Schmidt-Ott, Chairman. As 

 part of oceanographic survey of South Atlantic 

 Ocean, the Meteor, under Capt. F. Spiess who suc- 

 ceeded to command on death of Dr. Merz, August 

 16, 1925, carried on investigations in vicinity of 

 South Sandwich Islands before proceeding east- 

 ward to Bouvet0ya. Ship then penetrated south- 

 ward to 63°50'S., 5°20'E. before retiring northeast- 

 ward. 



1926-27. Discovery Investigations (British). 

 Leader: Dr. Stanley Kemp. Ships: Discovery and 

 William Scoresby. 

 Summary: The Discovery left Cape Town October 



1926, going southward into the pack; returned to 

 Bouvet0ya before heading westward to South 

 Georgia, which was reached December 5, 1926. 

 After investigating whaling grounds in the vicinity, 

 the Discovery left in February for South Orkney 

 Islands, South Shetland Islands, and Palmer 

 Archipelago; made running survey of part of 

 Palmer Archipelago. Returning to South Shet- 

 land Islands, a series of hydrological stations 

 was run northward to Cape Horn and eastward 

 to Falkland Islands. Meanwhile, the William 

 Scoresby left Cape Town, October 21, 1926, for 



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