GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



tion Island January 13. Ship then sailed west 

 beyond Cape Ann, meeting the Norvegia on Janu- 

 ary 14. Driven westward by a storm to 43 °W., the 

 Discovery returned eastward where, on January 24 

 to 26, several short flights were made in vicinity of 

 Proclamation Island. Lack of coal forced retreat 

 on January 26 to Kerguelen Islands and Australia. 

 The second season began when ship left Hobart, 

 November 22, 1930. Mill Bank discovered enroute, 

 observations made on Macquarie Island, and Hjort 

 Rise discovered to the south. The Discovery 

 pushed west to Adelie Coast, and landing made at 

 Cape Denison January 7, 1931. Ship sailed west- 

 ward along the pack fringing Wilkes Land, but bad 

 weather resulted in few obsei'vations of land. 

 Most notable were Cape Goodenough and Banzare 

 Coast, seen from the air on January 15 and 16. 

 Bowman Island was seen on January 28, and Leo- 

 pold and Astrid Coast from the air on February 9. 

 Westward from there Norwegian whalers and the 

 Discovery were operating simultaneously, and 

 many features were seen by both. On February 

 11 Cape Darnley was sighted, and MacKenzie Bay 

 entered. A flight enabled drafting of sketch map. 

 As ship skirted Mac-Robertson Coast, landings 

 made at Murray and Scullin Monoliths on Febru- 

 ary 13, and several flights added features to the 

 map. After being driven north by storm, landing 

 made at Cape Bruce February 18, and next day, 

 due to coal shortage, expedition was tei-minated. 



1929-31. Discovery Investigations (British). 

 Leader: Dr. Stanley Kemp. Ship: Discovery II. 

 Summary: The Discovery II left England Decem- 

 ber 14, 1929, to begin her first commission in 

 Scotia Sea and adjacent seas. Oceanographic 

 work begun in vicinity of South Georgia. A line 

 of observations was run along submarine ridge 

 connecting South Sandwich and Falkland Islands. 

 The South Sandwich Islands were charted from 

 February 26 to March 18, 1930. The ship arrived 

 at Cape Town May 28, 1930, and during southern 

 winter carried on oceanographic investigations in 

 South African waters. In October 1930 the Dis- 

 covery II left Cape Town for South Georgia, via 

 Bouvet0ya, making unsuccessful search for 

 Thompson Island enroute. Heavy pack prevented 

 survey of South Orkney Islands in December. 

 While working in Bransfield Strait the same 

 month, conditions were favorable for charting 

 South Shetland Islands. During January and 

 February 1931, cruise was made southwestward 

 along Palmer Peninsula until stopped by pack ice 

 around Adelaide Island. The ship turned west 

 along edge of pack, slighting Alexander I Island, 

 but not Charcot Island. Journey westward contin- 

 ued to 101°00'W., where ship was forced southward 

 through the pack until stopped by ice 20 feet thick 

 in 69^49'S. No land seen; soundings showed 2,000 



fathoms. Returning from this point over much 

 the same route, Peter I Island was sighted. Ade- 

 laide Island was still bordered by pack. After 

 running lines northwestward to edge of continen- 

 tal shelf, the cruise continued into Matha Strait, 

 Marin Darbel Bay, and out of Pendleton Strait. 

 Bismarck Strait was entered and ship passed 

 northward inside of Palmer Archipelago. In 

 February additional surveying carried out in South 

 Shetland Islands. Except for determining position 

 of west end of Coronation Island, pack ice again 

 prevented work in South Orkney Islands. The 

 first commission was thus concluded. 



1930-31. Norwegian expedition. 

 Leaders: Maj. Gunnar Isachsen and Capt. Hjalmar 

 Riiser-Larsen. Ship: Norvegia. 

 Summary: Financed by Lars Christensen. The 

 Norvegia left Cape Town October 4, 1930, moving 

 south beyond Bouvet0ya before beginning circum- 

 navigation of Antarctica, between 55° and 65°S. 

 She coaled from whalers and at Deception Island 

 enroute. A series of oceanographic observations 

 were completed, and unsuccessful searches made 

 for Truls, Dougherty, and Nimrod Islands. Ice pre- 

 vented close approach to Peter I Island. On Janu- 

 ary 29, 1931 the circumnavigation of 11,500 miles 

 was completed, in 102 days, in about 69°44'S., 

 1°34'E. While moving toward rendezvous with the 

 Thorshavn, Maud Bank was discovered on Janu- 

 ary 30. On February 9, in about 68°00'S., 33'53'E., 

 the Thorshavn was met, planes were transferred 

 to the Norvegia, and Riiser-Larsen took command. 

 Ship moved westward against the pack until a 

 flight was possible on February 16 and 17, 1931. 

 This permitted mapping Princess Ragnhild Coast, 

 discovered early in 1931 by Capt. H. Halvorsen in 

 the Sevilla. Other flights farther eastward made 

 on February 21 and 23. On February 25 the 

 planes were transferred to the Thorshammer and 

 Capt. Nils Larsen took the Norvegia north to Nor- 

 way, making first an unsuccessful search for Pa- 

 goda Rock. 



1930-31. Norwegian whaling expeditions. 

 Leaders: Various. Ships: Various whaling ships. 

 Summary: During the 1930-31 season several 

 firms conducted commercial whaling oft Lars 

 Christensen and Mac-Robertson Coasts. On Janu- 

 ary 12, 1931, land was seen by Capt. Arnold Brun- 

 voU from the whale catcher Seksern, between 

 64°00'E. and 66°34'E. On January 19 and succeed- 

 ing days, Capt. Reider Bjerk0, in the whale catcher 

 Bouvet II, sailed eastward from about 64 -E., In 

 sight of land. He was followed by one day by 

 Capt. Carl Sj0vold, in the Bouvet III, who also 

 sighted land on January 24, from 68'S., 74"E. He 

 was in turn followed by Capt. Rolf Walter, in the 

 Thorgaut. 



23 



