GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



1930-31. Norwegian whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. O. Borchgrevink. Ship: Antarctic. 

 Summary: Borchgrevink, in the course of whaling 

 operations, mapped along Kemp Coast and En- 

 derby Land from 59°00'E. to 51°30'E. Aker Peaks 

 discovered. Coast of Queen Maud Land mapped 

 from 44°E. to 41°E. 



1930-31. Norwegian whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. H. Halvorsen. Ship: Sevilla. 

 Summary: Financed by Lars Christensen. While 

 carrying on whaling operations off coast of Ant- 

 arctica, from February 9 to March 7, 1931, Prin- 

 cess Ragnhild Coast was discovered. From March 

 8 to April 7, Halvorsen charted along Princess 

 Ragnhild, Princess Astrid, and Princess Martha 

 Coasts between 24°E. and 0°. His entire range of 

 operations extended from 42°E. to 9°W. 



1931. Norwegian whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Lars Christensen. Ship: Thorshavn. 

 Summary: The oil tanker Thorshavn left Cape 

 Town January 6, 1931, with Lars Christensen 

 aboard to inspect operations of his whaling fleet 

 as the tanker supplied fuel oil to the various float- 

 ing factories and collected whale oil from them. 

 Capt. H. Riiser-Larsen, also aboard, was trans- 

 ferred with two seaplanes to the ship Norvegia, 

 and Maj. Gunnar Isachsen and J. K. Eggvin, who 

 had just completed circum-Antarctic cruise in the 

 Norvegia, joined the Thorshavn, February 9, in 

 68°00'S., 33°55'E. Open water permitted far south- 

 ern penetration between 70°E. and 75°E. Frequent 

 sounding resulted in discovery of Fram Bank. 

 Christensen directed Capt. Klarius Mikkelsen, in 

 the whale catcher Torlyn, to attempt penetration 

 into the pack ice. He worked far into MacKenzie 

 Bay, reaching 68°50'S., 70°28'E., on February 13. 

 On the 14th, the Torlyn worked north around 

 Bjerk0 Peninsula and westward along Mac-Robert- 

 son Coast. Mikkelsen sighted the same physical 

 features Mawson saw a day earlier. The 

 Thorshavn returned to Cape Town later in 

 February. 



1931-33. Discovery Investigations (British). 

 Leader: D. Dilwyn John. Ship: Discovery II. 

 Summary: The Discovery II arrived at Port Stan- 

 ley from England on November 4, 1931. Beginning 

 at western entrance to the Strait of Magellan six 

 north-south lines of oceanographic stations were 

 run from edge of pack ice on the south to beyond 

 the line of Antarctic Convergence on the north. 

 The easternmost line of stations lay along 20°E. 

 Additional lines were run between Falkland Is- 

 lands and South Georgia, and others radiating 

 from the latter. Following repairs the ship left 

 South Africa, April 8, 1932, on its first circum- 

 polar cruise. Echo soundings made each half 



hour and oceanographic stations carried out 

 nightly. The course was laid in great zigzags from 

 edge of pack ice to north of 45°S. From Cape 

 Town the course was laid southeastward to a point 

 off Enderby Land, then northeast to Fremantle. 

 From Fremantle the ship sailed to a point off 

 Banzare Coast and back to Melbourne, thence 

 south to a position north of Balleny Islands, then 

 north to New Zealand. From New Zealand the 

 course was laid southeastward to 62°S., 159°W., 

 north of Ross Sea, then northeast into south Pa- 

 cific Ocean to 41°S., 126°W., and southeastward 

 to 63°57'S., 101°16'W., west of Peter I Island. 

 From here a diminishing fuel supply dictated fairly 

 direct course to the Strait of Magellan. Port Stan- 

 ley reached October 9, 1932, where cruise was 

 interrupted until following March. From October 

 until Christmas, 1932, oceanographic work carried 

 on in Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea. From 

 January 2 to 30, 1933, the South Orkney Islands 

 were charted and geological and biological speci- 

 mens collected. Further oceanographic work in 

 Scotia Sea, Bransfield Strait, and Drake Passage 

 followed. Final leg of circumpolar cruise com- 

 pleted in March by great V-shaped course from 

 South Georgia south to 69°22'S., 9°37'E., then 

 north to a point west of Cape Town. 



1932-33. Norwegian whaling expedition. 

 Leader: Lars Christensen. Ship: Thorshavn. 

 Summary: The tanker Thorshavn, with Capt. H. 

 Riiser-Larsen's sledging party aboard (see below), 

 left Cape Town January 25, 1933 for Enderby 

 Land to service floating factories. Series of 

 meteorological observations made. Ship returned 

 via Bouvet0ya. 



1932-33. Norwegian expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen. Ships: 

 Various whaling ships. 



Summary: Party of three with dogs and supplies 

 accompanied Lars Christensen on the Thorshavn. 

 Enderby Land sighted February 8, 1933. Two at- 

 tempts to land on the ice failed and party trans- 

 ferred first to the Thorshammer, then the Torlyn 

 on March 5, off Princess Ragnhild Coast, where 

 party finally landed on the ice for a sledge journey 

 westward along the coast. By March 8, however, 

 the ice broke up. Sledge party rescued by the 

 whaler Globe on March 11 



1933-34. Norwegian expedition. 

 Leader: Lars Christensen. Ship: Thorshavn. 

 Summary: The Thorshavn left Cape Town De- 

 cember 20, 1933; nearly circumnavigated Antarc- 

 tica. Meteorological and hydrographical observa- 

 tions made throughout cruise. Mac-Robertson 

 Coast was sighted on January 9, 1934, in about 

 65°E., and flight made from the ship by Lt. Alf 



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