GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



Gunnestad next day. On January 17, in about 

 86°E., a plane was transferred to a whale catcher 

 which worked south through the pack to 65°22'S., 

 86°10'E., from where Gunnestad and Nils Larsen 

 made two flights southward, discovering 150 miles 

 of the Leopold and Astrid Coast behind the border- 

 ing ice shelf. Beyond Ross Sea, in 134°11'W., the 

 ship reached 71°44'S., but a flight from there 

 showed only ice. Skirted pack ice to Peter I Island; 

 thence to Drake Passage where Sars Bank was 

 discovered. Reached Montevideo on February 27, 

 1934. 



1933-34, United States expedition. 

 Leader: Lincoln Ellsworth. Ship: Wyatt Earp. 

 Summary: Left New Zealand December 5, 1933; 

 arrived at Bay of Whales January 6, 1934, for trans- 

 Antarctic flight to Weddell Sea. Plane was dam- 

 aged by breaking up of the ice January 13, termi- 

 nating the expedition. 



1933-35. Discovery Investigations (British). 

 Leader: Dr. N. A. Mackintosh. Ship: Discovery II. 

 Summary: The Discovery II left England in Oc- 

 tober; work begun at Tristan da Cunha enroute to 

 South Georgia. During two-year period five sets 

 of oceanographic stations were run northward 

 from the pack ice along 80 °W. to north of Cape 

 Horn. First of these made in December, by sail- 

 ing westward along pack ice margin and return- 

 ing to South Georgia via the Strait of Magellan. 

 On December 27, 1933, ship left for western cruise 

 on a zigzag course across 200-mile-wide zone 

 bordering the pack ice. At 160°W. the ship sailed 

 north to New Zealand, returning to meet Byrd's 

 Bear of Oakland at 72°S., 171 °W., on February 23, 

 1934. From there the zigzag course was repeated 

 eastward along the pack ice to 80°W., where the 

 second line of stations was run northward. From 

 South Georgia the Discovery II next sailed south 

 to South Sandwich Islands and east along 60 °S. 

 before steering southeastward to 64°38'S., 44°16'E., 

 off Enderby Land. From there, on April 8, 1934, 

 the ship returned to South Africa. After a refit, 

 the ship left Cape Town August 1, 1934 for work 

 in Scotia Sea and surrounding seas, running sev- 

 eral lines across Scotia Sea, and the final three 

 lines along 80 °W. South Shetland Islands were 

 charted by January 9, 1935. Stores and equip- 

 ment for the British Graham Land Expedition 

 were then transported to Port Lockroy in Palmer 

 Archipelago. Returning to South Georgia, the 

 ship left February 7 on a southeast course to 

 68°45'S., 9°20'W., at eastern entrance to Weddell 

 Sea. From there pack ice was skirted in usual 

 zigzag course to Enderby Land. Ship then sailed 

 north to Cape Town. 



1933-35. Byrd Antarctic Expedition. 

 Leader: Rear Adm. Richard E. Byrd, USN (Ret.). 

 Ships: Bear of Oakland and Jacob Ruppert. 

 Summary: Sponsored by Edsel Ford, William 

 Horlick, Col. Jacob Ruppert, Thomas J. Watson, 

 National Geographic Society, and numerous other 

 public, private, and commercial donors. The 

 Jacob Ruppert, sailing from New Zealand Decem- 

 ber 12, 1933, skirted the pack from 65°55'S., 

 151°10'W. eastward to 116°35'W. Three flights 

 made southward from the ship without sight- 

 ing land. Reached Bay of Whales January 17, 

 1934, and the Bear of Oakland arrived Janu- 

 ary 30. On February 6 the Bear of Oakland set 

 out to push eastward beyond 151°W. Grad- 

 ually forced northward by the ice, she reached 

 75°06'S., 148°08'W., with Marie Byrd Land dimly 

 seen to the south before retreating. During March 

 depots were laid by plane, dog sled, and tractor 

 200 miles to the south, and advance weather base 

 set up at 80°08'S., 163°57'W. Tractor trip to 

 Mount Grace McKinley made from September 27 

 to October 18, 1934, to prepare for sledge journey 

 to Marie Byrd Land. This geological party left 

 on October 14, reaching Fosdick Mountains and 

 returning December 29. The southern geological 

 party left on October 16, reached Queen Maud 

 Range on November 26, ascended to the plateau 

 via Robert Scott Glacier, and returned to base 

 January 11, 1935. On October 25, 1934, two trac- 

 tors started south in support of the geological 

 party. Halted by crevasses beyond 81°S., 193 miles 

 from Little America, they turned eastward, reach- 

 ing 79°07'S., 149°24'W. From there they moved 

 northward along edge of continent and followed 

 the eastern trail to base, arriving January 2, 1935. 

 Seismic soundings taken on trip showed much of 

 Ross Ice Shelf to be aground. Soimdings by Dr. 

 Thomas Poulter revealed existence of Roosevelt 

 Island, buried by the ice shelf. Six major explora- 

 tory flights were made from Little America from 

 November 15 to December 15, 1934. The first was 

 a triangular flight, extending 275 miles southeast- 

 ward to 81°05'S., 146°30'W., thence north to 

 77°30'S., 146°30'W., and finally west to base. On 

 November 16 a southeast flight was made to edge 

 of continent and return. Another flight on No- 

 vember 22 in same direction, across Rockefeller 

 Plateau, reached 83°05'S., 119°00'W., and next day 

 another southeast flight was made. On November 

 18 a flight eastward reached 78°S., 135°W., where 

 the surface elevation exceeded 4,000 feet. On De- 

 cember 15 a flight northeastward across Sulzberger 

 Bay returned to base by way of Mount Grace Mc- 

 Kinley. After wintering in New Zealand both ships 

 returned in January 1935, the Bear of Oakland 

 chartine the edge of Ross Ice Shelf from Ross Is- 



424589 O -57 -3 



25 



