GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



land to Bay of Whales. Base was evacuated Febru- 

 ary 6, 1935. 



1934-35. Norwegian expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Klarius Mikkelsen. Ship: 

 Thorshavn. 



Summary: Financed by Lars Christensen. While 

 servicing floating factories in the area east of Mac- 

 Robertson Coast in February 1935, the Thorshavn 

 pushed southward through thick ice into open 

 water over the continental shelf, as shown by 

 soundings. Ship continued south in clear weather. 

 On February 19 Mikkelsen saw the ice shelf, and 

 next day, after drifting westward, discovered an 

 ice-free area in a small bay. Landing made there 

 in 68°29'S., 78°36'E. by party including Mikkelsen, 

 his wife, and seven seamen. On February 21 he 

 followed the newly discovered Ingrid Christensen 

 Coast southwestward, charting Vestfold Hills, 

 Larsemann Hills, and Mount Caroline Mikkelsen. 



1934-35. United States expedition. 

 Leader: Lincoln Ellsworth. Ship: Wyatt Earp. 

 Summary: Financed by Lincoln Ellsworth, the ex- 

 pedition left New Zealand September 19, 1934, 

 arriving at Deception Island October 14, from 

 where it was proposed to begin a trans-Antarctic 

 flight to Bay of Whales. Take-off delayed by 

 broken connecting rod. Snow melting from run- 

 way required move to new location on November 

 29. Port Lockroy investigated, but Snow Hill Is- 

 land selected and landing made there December 4. 

 Flight begun January 3, 1935, but impending bad 

 weather caused pilot to turn back over Seal 

 Nunataks. Project then abandoned but, while sail- 

 ing north to Montevideo, Dundee Island was se- 

 lected as site for attempt next season. 



1934-37. British Graham Land Expedition. 

 Leader: John Rymill. Ship: Penola. 

 Summary: Sponsored by Colonial Office, British 

 Admiralty, War Office, Royal Geographical So- 

 ciety, and other public, private, and commercial 

 donors. Leaving London September 10, 1934, the 

 Penola reached Falkland Islands November 28, re- 

 maining for repairs until December 31. Mean- 

 while, expedition supplies had been transported 

 by the Discovery II from Port Stanley to Port 

 Lockroy, Wiencke Island, where the Penola ar- 

 rived January 22, 1935. By means of aerial recon- 

 naissance, base site was selected in Argentine Is- 

 lands, 40 miles southwestward, where expedition 

 wintered. Exploratory flight made from base to 

 Matha Strait February 28, 1935. While awaiting 

 firm ice, local biological, geological, and carto- 

 graphical surveys were made by boat and plane. 

 Open water south of Pendleton Strait confined 

 survey work to area bordering Grandidier Channel. 

 The Penola was freed on January 3, 1936, and re- 



turned from Deception Island with lumber for a 

 new hut on January 27. On February 16, after 

 aerial reconnaissance, the ship moved south 

 through Grandidier Channel and Pendleton Strait, 

 rounding Adelaide Island on the west and south, 

 and entering Marguerite Bay. The plane then 

 flew south, inside of Adelaide Island, on February 

 26. Next day aerial reconnaissance revealed suit- 

 able base just north of Neny Fjord, to which the 

 ship sailed on February 28, 1936. Base established 

 on one of the Debenham Islands. The Penola 

 sailed on March 12 to winter in Falkland Islands. 

 Exploratory flights made over Marguerite Bay on 

 March 11 and 13, and another, between Adelaide 

 Island and Palmer Peninsula, on March 31. After 

 unsuccessful attempt in June to lay depots to 

 the south, two sledging parties on July 20 com- 

 menced survey northward finishing early in Au- 

 gust. On August 15, flight made to north end of 

 Alexander I Island, and better view of George VI 

 Sound, seen first on March 13, was had. On Sep- 

 tember 4, preliminary to a sledge journey, the 

 sound was explored on a flight which penetrated 

 it 40 miles, to 70°10'S. Sledge journey began next 

 day. By October 17 the party, under A. Stephen- 

 son, reached 72 = 00'S., 67°18'W., 200 miles from 

 northern entrance, when they turned around. A 

 second flight, on October 19, penetrated George 

 VI Sound for 120 miles. Supported by a depot 

 laid by air on Wordie Ice Shelf, Rymill and E. W. 

 Bingham began eastern sledge journey across 

 Palmer Peninsula on October 26, 1936. Going 

 south to Wordie Ice Shelf, they turned eastward 

 in about 69°50'S. and traveled along south side of 

 Fleming and Bingham Glaciers to the east coast 

 of Palmer Peninsula, in vicinity of Cape Rymill, 

 returning to base on January 5, 1937. On Febru- 

 ary 1, flight made to Douglas Range on Alexander 

 I Island. On February 13, final fiight made north- 

 ward to tie together the surveys made from the 

 two bases. The Penola returned and expedition 

 departed March 12, 1937, swinging southward 

 along the pack fringing the northern end of Alex- 

 ander I Island before sailing north. 



1935-36. United States expedition. 

 Leader: Lincoln Ellsworth. Ship: Wyatt Earp. 

 Summary: Financed by Lincoln Ellsworth. Expe- 

 dition arrived at Deception Island from Montevideo 

 November 4, 1935, proceeding on November 11 to 

 Dundee Island, where a trans- Antarctic flight to 

 the Bay of Whales was begun on November 21. 

 After flying about 600 miles southwestward to be- 

 yond Hearst Island, clogged fuel gauge forced re- 

 turn. On November 23 the Polar Star again took 

 to the air, with Ellsworth and pilot Herbert Hollick- 

 Kenyon flying south along east coast of Palmer 

 Peninsula to Mobiloil Inlet, then southwest across 



26 



