GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



made on February 1 from 65°47'S., 55°11'E., cover- 

 ing a great part of Enderby Land. The Firern was 

 then released, and the Thorshavn proceeded west 

 past Cape Ann on February 2. Ice conditions were 

 unsuitable for a take-ofi until February 4, at 

 68°11'S., 35°47'E. On a flight from there, with Mrs. 

 Christensen as passenger. Prince Harald Coast was 

 discovered. Next day two flights were made from 

 67°50'S., 34^03'E., photographing the coastal area 

 bordering Havsbotn, from 40°E. to 34°E. On last 

 flight, February 6, from 69°15'S., 26°00'E., S0r 

 Rondane Mountains were photographed. The 

 Thorshavn left for Cape Town on February 7, 1937. 



1937-38. Discovery Investigations (British). 

 Leader : G. W. Rayner. Ship : William Scoresby. 

 Summary : Beginning in September 1937, the Wil- 

 liam Scoresby marked whales and carried on 

 supplementary oceanographic work in south At- 

 lantic Ocean and Bellingshausen Sea. Landing 

 made on Saunders Island in South Sandwich Is- 

 lands. Ship returned to London April 12, 1938. 



1937-39. Discovery Investigations (British). 

 Leaders: Dr. N. A. Mackintosh, succeeded by H. F. 

 P. Herdman. Ship: Discovery II. 

 Summary: The Discovery II, with N. A. Mackin- 

 tosh in charge of scientific work, left London Oc- 

 tober 7, 1937 and, after calling at Cape Town in 

 November, began circumpolar cruise carrying out 

 program of daily oceanographic observations, par- 

 ticularly pertaining to the whale. A zigzag course, 

 based on the edge of the pack ice, was maintained 

 throughout by tacking first southeast then north- 

 east. The first part, between about 20 °E. and 

 90°E., was north of 60°S. After a stop at Fre- 

 mantle, the ship headed due south, on December 

 29, 1937, to the pack ice off Budd Coast. From 

 there, on January 11, 1938, the zigzag course east- 

 ward was resumed, this time south of 60°S. Bal- 

 leny Islands were sighted on January 21 and two 

 days were spent in a running survey, in clear 

 weather. Course then set for New Zealand, arriv- 

 ing January 31, after a call at Campbell Island. 

 On February 8, with H. F. P. Herdman in charge of 

 scientific work, the ship left Dunedin for Antipodes 

 Islands from which a course was set southward 

 along 170°00'W. to the edge of the pack at 68°31'S. 

 From there a zigzag course wajs followed south of 

 60 °S. to Drake Passage. On March 20 the ship 

 left Falkland Islands, sailing to the pack edge 90 

 miles south of South Orkney Islands before turning 

 northeastward to South Georgia, arriving March 

 28, 1938. From there a coui'se was laid eastward 

 to 50°S., 0°, then south to the pack ice. Skirting 

 the pack to 20°E., the Discovery II then sailed north 

 to Cape Town, arriving May 4. After a refit, the 

 Discovery II, on July 1, 1938, began a series of seven 

 cruises over a rectilinear course from Cape Town 



south westward to 40 °S. at 0°, then south on 0° to 

 the edge of the pack ice, eastward to 20°E., and 

 north to Cape Town. Regular observations across 

 this area were made for period of nine months to 

 show seasonal changes in pack ice, weather, sea 

 temperatures, and marine life. On sixth cruise a 

 landing was made on Bouvet0ya, in January. On 

 seventh cruise, beginning February 15, 1939, edge 

 of pack ice had retreated sufficiently along Princess 

 Astrid Coast to enable staff to sight land from the 

 ship on March 3 and 5. The Discovery II left for 

 London on March 29, 1939. 



1938-39. United States expedition. 

 Leader: Lincoln Ellsworth. Ship: Wyatt Earp. 

 Summary: Financed by Lincoln Ellsworth. Ex- 

 pedition left Cape Town October 29, 1938 and on 

 November 20, in 55°27'S., 75°19'E., encountered 

 pack ice from which the ship did not emerge until 

 open water was reached off Ingrid Christensen 

 Coast on January 2, 1939. A short flight was made 

 in the small seaplane on December 31, and land 

 sighted from the ship next day. A second flight, 

 on January 2, revealed the coast line from Vestfold 

 Hills to Amery Ice Shelf. Between January 3 and 

 11 the coast line between Vestfold Hills and Rauer 

 Islands was examined for ice suitable for a take-off 

 by the large plane. Several boat landings and 

 short flights were made. On January 11 the plane 

 took off on the margin of the ice shelf east of Vest- 

 fold Hills, flying southward over featureless, snow- 

 covered continental plateau to 72°S., 79°E. The 

 Wyatt Earp later skirted the ice shelf eastward, 

 then emerged from the pack in 65°00'S., 80°05'E. 

 on January 19. Hobart was reached February 4, 

 1939. 



1938-39. German Antarctic Expedition. 

 Leader: Capt. Alfred Ritscher. Ship: Schwaben- 

 land. 



Summary : Sponsored by German government and 

 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Re- 

 search Society) of Berlin. The Schwabenland, a 

 catapult ship carrying two flying boats, left Ham- 

 burg December 17, 1938 on a quick dash to Ant- 

 arctica for purpose of mapping, by means of aerial 

 photography, and laying claim to a portion of the 

 continent. On April 11, 1939, she returned to 

 Cuxhaven after mapping Princess Martha Coast 

 and Princess Astrid Coast between 12°W and 16°E. 

 Area photographed extended from the shoreline 

 across the coastal foreland up onto the continental 

 plateau. Most southerly point claimed to have 

 been reached was 74°25'S., 0°20'W. Arriving at 

 edge of the ice shelf on January 19, 1939, the ship 

 remained in area about three weeks. During this 

 time there were only three periods when weather 

 and ice conditions were favorable for flying. The 

 flights were, accordingly, made from the ship in 



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